本文回顾了美国科学基金会的组织变革特点和经验，并结合我国国家自然科学基金委（NSFC）的组织特征进行了比较研究。对照于国家创新体系和基金委长远规划的要求，本文比较了NSFC与其它国家科学基金组织在资助板块设计上的差异性。最后，论文针对如何推进面向未来的组织变革，提出了四点建议。

The characteristic and experience of organizational change of the National Science Foundation (NSF) of US are briefly reviewed, and is compared with that of the National Natuar Science Foundation of China (NSFC). According to the requirement from the national innovation system and long-term planning of NSFC, the difference of supporting module design is compared between NSFC and some other scientific foundations. Finally, some suggestions about how to push forward organizational change in the future for the NSFC are put forward.