学术评价主要有同行评议和量化考评两种形式。多数国家以同行评议为主，辅以量化考评。上个世纪80年代末以来，中国对科研人员的学术评价越来越重视量化指标，目前有走向极端之势，这对学术发展、人才培养和科技创新都极为不利。只有完善学术评价制度，正确合理使用量化评价方法，才能发挥学术评价的激励和引领功能。

At present, the main academic appraisal system using by countries all over the world is quantitative assessment and peer review. Most countries mainly use the peer review; the quantitative assessment is just a supplement. Since the late 1980s, China has been more and more paying attention to academic quantitative indicators, it shows a trend of extremes. The phenomenon is extremely harmful to the academic development, personnel training, and technological innovation. Therefore, the academic appraisal system must be improved and the quantitative assessment must be used correctly and rationally in order to play the encouragement and guidance function of academic appraisal.