通过构建计量经济模型,分析不同影响因子间知识溢出效应的差异,测度影响因子与知识溢出效应的关联度和有效性。研究表明:在企业知识溢出与模仿结构中存在向稳定性水平收敛的格局及模仿收益递减的趋势,形成创新与模仿的螺旋式演进模式。知识溢出效应除了与交易成本、时空间距有关外,与R&D投入总量、劳动力流动性、交易运输条件、知识溢出时滞、市场机制的灵活性、厂址变迁等因素密切相关。R&D投入总量与被解释变量呈显著正相关关系;经济差距、地区或企业之间的距离与知识溢出效应显著负相关;企业知识吸收能力与知识溢出效应成正比,当企业知识存量差距等于企业知识吸收能力时,知识溢出效应最大;知识溢出时滞、知识退化率与知识溢出效应成反比,而地区或行业的销售收入及该地区或行业的流动资产、固定资产之和对知识溢出效应和劳动生产率的提高无实质性的直接影响。知识溢出时滞是由知识本身特性和知识外部性内在化程度决定的,知识外部性内在化的实施方式主要取决于产权制度的安排、政府对创新主体的保护和道德约束等诸多因素。

By constructing the econometric model, the difference of knowledge spillover effect between different influence factors are analyzed, the relation degree and validity between influence factors and knowledge spill effect are measured. The result indicates that there is a convergent pattern for the steady state in the enterprise knowledge spillover and imitation structure which forms the spiral type evolvement of innovation and imitation. The knowledge spillover effect relates to R&D input, trade and traffic condition, the mobility of labor force, the enterprise knowledge absorbency, the flexibility of market mechanism, the time lag of knowledge spillover, and the changes of factory site, besides trade cost and space-time span. The total R&D input presents a notable positive correlation with the explained variables; economic disparities and the distance between areas or enterprises take on remarkable negative correlation with knowledge spillover effect. The enterprise knowledge absorbency shows direct ratio with knowledge spillover effect. When the enterprise knowledge storage quantity disparity is equal to enterprise knowledge absorbency, the knowledge spillover effect is the biggest. The time lag of knowledge spillover as well as the knowledge degeneration rate display inverse ratio with knowledge spillover effect; the sale income of area or industry, the sum of fixed assets and current assets of this area or industry don't have material influence on the knowledge spillover and the raising of labor productivity. The time lag of spillover is decided by knowledge characteristic and internality level of knowledge externality; the implement approach of knowledge internality depends on many factors, such as the arrangement of property right system, the government protection for innovation main body and moral restraints.