OECD的大多数国家的研究与开发资助经历了"科学政策时代"、"科学和技术政策时代"、"科学、技术和创新政策时代",知识生产(knowledge production)的指导思想也从"国际领先知识"转向"知识创造财富","新的知识生产方式" 是OECD资助的一个必然趋势。它意味着,如果政府仍然用老的政策工具和行政结构来规划和安排科技政策,那么老式的技术政策将会提高政府失灵的风险,政府在制定科技政策时应该通过激励企业对R&D的投入,调整R&D的资助结构和方式。

Most of the members of OECD have the experiences of three different R&D funded modes: the era of science policy, the era of S&T policy and the era of technology innovation policy. The leading thought of knowledge production turns from "leading knowledge" to "knowledge creating wealth". The new mode of knowledge production becomes the necessary trend. It means that the old technology policy will bring risk to the government if the government still uses the old policy tools and organizes to arrange S&T policy. The government has to regulate the R&D funded construction and mode through inspiring the private company to enhance R&D input.