企业家精神是发展新质生产力的重要抓手，但现有研究忽略了中国企业家精神的复杂维度及其内在的共生关系。借助动态QCA和回归分析的混合研究方法，对2010—2022年中国A股上市公司数据进行复杂组态分析，探究企业家精神驱动突破性创新的多重路径，及其对企业全要素生产率产生的直接和间接影响。研究发现:（1）国际先锋型企业家精神、责任平衡型企业家精神、绩效导向型企业家精神三类组态构成了高突破性创新的驱动路径；（2）上述三种组态的组间一致性在2020年之后呈下降趋势，且各组态组内一致性和覆盖度因产权性质、企业规模、市场化程度以及媒体关注度的不同而存在异质性；（3）突破性创新在三类企业家精神组态，即国际先锋型企业家精神、责任平衡型企业家精神、绩效导向型企业家精神与企业全要素生产率之间起到复杂中介作用，上述三种企业家精神组态均能通过实现突破性创新进而提高企业的全要素生产率。研究通过整合中国企业家精神的多个维度揭示了企业突破性创新的多元路径，并进一步探究了驱动突破性创新的不同企业家精神配置如何直接和间接地影响企业全要素生产率，为培养企业家精神以实现创新驱动的新质生产力提供有益见解。

Entrepreneurship serves as a critical lever for developing new quality productive forces，yet existing research has largely overlooked the complex dimensions of Chinese entrepreneurship and the symbiotic relationships among these dimensions. Using a mixed-method approach that integrates dynamic QCA with regression analysis，this study conducted a configurational investigation of Chinese A-share listed firms from 2010 to 2022 to explore the multiple pathways through which entrepreneurship drives breakthrough innovation and to examine its direct and indirect effects on firms' total factor productivity （TFP）. The results revealed that international vanguard entrepreneurship，responsibility-balanced entrepreneurship，and performance-oriented entrepreneurship constitute distinct configurations that lead to high levels of breakthrough innovation. However，the consistency among these configurations has declined after 2020，and their internal consistency and coverage vary across ownership types，firm size，degrees of marketization，and levels of media attention. Moreover，breakthrough innovation plays a complex mediating role between these three entrepreneurial configurations and firms' TFP，indicating that all three forms of entrepreneurship enhance TFP by enabling firms to achieve breakthrough innovation. By integrating multiple dimensions of Chinese entrepreneurship，this study uncovers the diverse pathways that underpin firms' breakthrough innovation and further clarifies how different entrepreneurship configurations exert both direct and indirect influences on total factor productivity，offering valuable insights for fostering entrepreneurship to advance innovation-driven new quality productive forces.