专精特新企业是提升产业链供应链韧性的生力军，其高质量发展对国家经济转型升级至关重要。本研究采用质性元分析与动态QCA混合研究方法，系统探讨专精特新企业高质量发展路径，克服单一方法的局限性。研究提出“资源-战略-情境”三维框架，揭示资源要素、战略因素和情境因素是影响专精特新企业高质量发展的关键因素，单一维度因素不构成高质量发展的必要条件。组态分析结果发现:（1）存在四种高质量发展路径，即顺势而为型、借势先发型、稳中求进型和政策赋能型，以及两种非高质量发展路径，即资源困境型和战略错配型；（2）低研发投入是实现高质量发展的核心条件，高研发投入是引致非高质量发展的核心条件；（3）社会资本具有双刃剑效应，在良好的政策环境下，能够助力企业实现高质量发展，在政策环境和创新氛围不佳时，则会引致非高质量发展。

As the driving force in enhancing industrial and supply chains resilience，the high-quality development of specialized，refined，distinctive and innovative enterprises is crucial for the national economic transformation. This study adopted a mixed-method approach integrating qualitative meta-analysis and dynamic QCA to systematically explore their high-quality development pathways，overcoming the limitations of single-method approaches. We proposed a three-dimensional "Resources-Strategy-Context" framework，identifying these dimensions as key determinants of high-quality development，though no single dimension constitutes a necessary condition. Configuration analysis revealed the following:（1） There are four high-quality development pathways—opportunity-driven，first-mover advantage，steady progression，and policy-enabled types，as well as two non-high-quality development pathways，resource-constrained and strategy-mismatched types； （2） Low R&D investment serves as core condition for high-quality development pathways，whereas high R&D investment correlates with non-high-quality development； （3） Social capital demonstrates a double-edged sword effect. It facilitates growth under policy environment but exacerbates underperformance in weak policy environment and innovation climate.