技术转移是促进新质生产力发展的关键引擎,但目前学界对二者关系的讨论尚缺乏经验证据和区域空间视角。专利作为技术转移的主要载体,基于知识产权制度的保障作用,使技术要素实现其市场价值并转化为现实生产力,推动区域创新迈向高质量发展。探讨高校这一重要创新主体和技术源头的技术转移对区域新质生产力的具体影响,对因地制宜发展新质生产力具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文通过界定区域新质生产力的内涵与外延,基于我国2012—2022年的高校发明专利转让数据,采用双向固定效应模型,系统分析了高校技术转移对技术承接区域新质生产力发展的影响。研究发现:(1)我国高校技术的区域流动受资源禀赋差异的影响,并在经济与智力资源分布不均的背景下呈现“马太效应”;(2)作为驱动区域新质生产力发展的关键路径,高校技术转移的作用存在较明显的区域异质性,并受到技术转移广度和区域企业吸收能力的调节;(3)进一步分析表明,不同研发模式和行业类别下的高校技术转移效果亦存在显著差异。本研究进一步丰富了新质生产力的理论和概念体系,揭示了高校技术转移与区域新质生产力发展之间的理论关系,为国家和区域制定相关政策提供了参考借鉴。

Technology transfer is the key engine to promote the development of new quality productive forces, but the current academic discussion on the relationship between the two is still lacking of empirical evidence and regional spatial perspective. As the main carrier of technology transfer, patents, based on the protection role of intellectual property system, make technology elements realize their market value and turn into real productivity, and promote regional innovation to high-quality development. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore the specific influence and development path of technology transfer in colleges and universities, which is an important innovation subject and technology source, on regional new quality productive forces. This paper defined the connotations and extensions of regional new quality productive forces, and systematically analyzed the impact of university technology transfer on the development of regional new quality productive forces using university patent assignment data from 2012 to 2022 in China, employing a two-way fixed effects model. The findings of the study are as follows: (1) The regional flow of technology elements embedded in university patents demonstrates significant spatial polarization in China, exhibiting a "Matthew Effect" shaped by disparities in resource endowments and uneven distributions of economic and intellectual resources. (2) As a key pathway for driving the development of regional new quality productive forces, the role of university technology transfer exhibits notable regional heterogeneity, which is further moderated by the breadth of technology transfer and the absorptive capacity of regional enterprises. (3) The heterogeneity analysis further identified significant variations in technology transfer effectiveness across different innovation models and industrial sectors. This study has further enriched the theory and conceptual system of new quality productive forces, revealed the theoretical relationship between university technology transfer and regional development of new quality productive forces, and it will provide a reference for national and local policies.