知识产权政策的有效运用是提升国家创新能力的关键因素。运用政策工具分析方法和QCA分析方法，对2009-2022年我国知识产权政策工具进行实证分析，探究不同类型知识产权政策工具提升我国创新能力的多元路径。结果表明：整体上我国更注重使用管理型和保护型知识产权政策工具，而创造型和运用型应用较少；知识产权政策工具在提升我国创新能力时存在多重并发效应，具体的组态解包括创新激励型、政府主导型、运用促进型和协同保护型，其中驱动高质量知识产权创造并施以严格的政策保护是主要的国家创新推动力；我国在实施知识产权战略时存在着部分管理型政策工具的失灵，并且管理型政策工具的使用不当可能会抑制运用型政策工具发挥作用。

The efficiency of Intellectual Property (IP) policies is one of the essential impetuses in enhancing national innovation capabilities. The policy tool method and qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) method are applied to empirically analyze China's IP policy tools in the period from 2009 to 2022, to explore the multiple paths that IP policy tools improve China's innovation capability. The results implicate that China focuses more on the use of management-based and protection-based IP policy tools overall, and less on the application of creation-based and application-based ones; there are multiple concurrent effects of IP policy tools in enhancing China's innovation capacity, further the configuration solutions of QCA are innovation-incentive, government-leading, application-promoting and collaborative-protection, among which driving high-quality IP creation under the strict protection is the main force boosting the innovation capacity; some management-based policy tools are unstuck, then the impertinent utilization of management-based policy tools may inhibit the effectiveness of application-based policy tools.

近20年来，中国企业创新活动陷入一个两难的困境，企业“不愿”甚至“不敢”进行创新活动。为改善创新的制度环境，2008年中国政府开始实施国家知识产权战略。本文旨在评估产权制度改革的实施效果。研究发现，第一，中国知识产权战略激励了企业的创新活动，能够保护企业创新。知识产权战略通过提高企业间知识侵权的违法成本来达到“保护创新”的目的，不过，行政保护和产权保护环境这两种保护机制很难对创新成果起到改善的作用。第二，中国知识产权战略并没有明显的改善创新质量，企业发明专利数量和新产品产值率均没有明显的提高。若长此以往，企业可能会陷入“不愿创新”的怪圈中，反过来亦会“伤害创新”。第三，相对于非高新技术企业，知识产权战略对高新技术企业的创新投入和创新质量的改善强度更大。需要注意的是，知识产权战略抑制了非高新技术企业的创新质量，也就是说，非高新技术企业干扰了中国知识产权战略的实施效果。那么，一方面中国政府应当继续实施知识产权战略，特别是重点落实知识产权争端的司法惩戒力度；另一方面，中国政府应当关注这一战略实施对非高新技术企业所带来的潜在影响。

推进长江中游城市群绿色化发展意义重大。发展新阶段长江中游城市群各地区需要认清其绿色化发展的整体水平，比照差距，寻找原因，推动各地区科学、有序和高质量发展。文章从绿色生态、绿色生活、绿色生产等三个层面构建长江中游城市群绿色化发展水平的测度指标体系，并运用熵值法对其空间差异展开了实证。研究认为，各地区绿色化发展水平存在显著差异，其形成的原因具有异质性，而经济实力、产业结构以及城镇化发展水平和开放开发程度是对其产生显著影响的因素，对此，新阶段应进一步调整和优化产业结构、提升经济发展质量、深入推进地区城镇化水平、推动地区开放开发，以推进长江中游城市群的绿色发展。

Promoting the green development of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is of significant importance. In the new stage of development, we need to recognize the overall level of green development, compare the differences in different regions, find out the reasons, and promote the scientific, orderly and high-quality development of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. In this paper, the evaluation index system of green development level of urban agglomerations in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is constructed from three levels of green ecology, green life and green production. The entropy method is used to analyze the spatial differences. The results show that there are significant differences in the green development level among different regions, and the causes are heterogeneous. Economic strength, industrial structure, development level of urbanization and the degree of opening up and development have a significant impact on them. Therefore, in the new stage, we should further adjust and optimize the industrial structure, improve the quality of economic development, further promote the level of urbanization in the region, and promote the opening up and development of the region in order to promote the green development level of the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.

在心理学和其他社科研究领域, 大量实证文章建立中介效应模型, 以分析自变量对因变量的影响过程和作用机制。检验中介效应最流行的方法是Baron和Kenny的逐步法, 但近年来不断受到批评和质疑, 有人甚至呼吁停止使用其中的依次检验, 改用目前普遍认为比较好的Bootstrap法直接检验系数乘积。本文对相关的议题做了辨析, 并讨论了中介分析中建立因果关系的方法。综合新近的研究成果, 总结出一个中介效应分析流程, 并分别给出显变量和潜变量Mplus程序。最后介绍了中介效应模型的发展。

<p>Mediation models are frequently used in the research of psychology and other social science disciplines. Mediation indicates that the effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable is transmitted through a third variable, which is called mediator. In most applied research, Baron and Kenny&rsquo;s (1986) causal steps approach has been used to test mediating effect. In recent years, however, many methodological researchers questioned the rationality of the causal steps approach, and some of them even attempted to stop its use. Firstly, we clarify the queries on the causal steps approach one by one. Secondly, we propose a new procedure to analyze mediating effects. The new procedure is better than any single method that constitutes the procedure in terms of Type I error rate and power. The proposed procedure can be conducted by using observed variables and/or latent variables. Mplus programs are supplied for the procedure with observed variables and/or latent variables. Finally, this article introduces the development of mediation models, such as mediation model of ordinal variables, multilevel mediation, multiple mediation, moderated mediation, and mediated moderation.</p>

知识吸收能力理论认为，一个区域的创新产出，不仅取决于其创新要素的投入量，更取决于区域人力资本吸收新知识的能力。文章采用面板分位数回归模型等方法，基于2000—2015年县级尺度的专利数据，在知识吸收能力理论的视角下识别影响中国区域创新产出的主要因素，尤其关注区域内科研人才的知识吸收能力所起到的作用。结果表明：①中国区域创新产出以及科研人才分布存在严重的空间不均衡性，两者具有一定的空间关联特征；②各类型创新投入要素对区域创新产出的影响在区域间存在着差异，表现为区域的创新产出水平越高，企业R&amp;D投入和外商投资对区域创新产出的促进作用越强，而政府R&amp;D投入的促进作用越弱；③科研人才的知识吸收能力仅在创新产出水平高的区域对某些创新投入要素起到正向调节作用，表现为科研人才存量与企业R&amp;D投入、政府R&amp;D投入和外商投资三大主要影响因素的交互项仅在区域创新产出水平高的区域显著为正。

Regional innovation depends on not only the amount of technological investment but also the absorptive capacity of regional human capital. Based on county-level patent statistics and through the theoretical lens of absorptive capacity, this article analyzes the relationship between geographical concentration of researchers and regional innovation outputs in China with the aid a panel quantile regression approach. Results show that the spatial patterns of regional innovation outputs and scientific researchers are both in tremendous inequality in China. Besides, the influencing factors of regional innovation also vary with urban innovation levels. Additionally, the agglomeration of researchers exerts positive moderating effects on other influencing factors in high-output regions. To be specific, the absorptive capacity of scientific researchers raises the effects of corporate R&D expenditure, government R&D expenditure and FDI only in high-output cities. This suggests that in China the geographical concentration of researchers surprisingly serves as an enhancer only for high-output cities and thus it reinforces the spatial inequality of innovation.

[目的/意义]随着人才强国战略的推进，中西部高校科研人员流失严重，流动区域的结构性进一步失衡。本研究旨在分析中国范围内科研人员流动的趋势及特点，为部分区域和机构的人才吸纳与管理提供参考。[方法/过程]将ORCID数据集、WoS文献数据与多个平台的机构名称数据相关联，采用机器学习技术和一系列规则对机构数据进行规范化处理，利用数据挖掘的方法对中国科研人员个人履历进行重构，之后从流动规模、流动频次及流动模式等角度探讨中国科研人员的国内流动特征及态势，并以改革开放后我国各地区及“新一线”城市人才流动趋势为研究对象，深入剖析中国科研人员的流动演进状况。[结果/结论]总体上，中国科研人员流动规模庞大，但流动频次偏低；“双一流”高校人才“虹吸效应”与人才竞争并存；科研人员的区域流动分布不均衡，“新一线”城市和中国大部分地区人才流动情况较好，而东北和华中地区人才流失问题严峻。综合这些发现，本文从深入实施人才强国战略、开展结对共建和帮扶工作、改善科研环境和提升人才待遇方面提出了构建“国家-地方-高校”多维协同的人才培养良性循环的对策建议。

［Purpose/significance］With the promotion of the strategy of &#039;strengthening the nation through human resource development&#039;, there has been a serious loss of scientific researchers in central and western universities in China, which led to the further structural imbalance in mobility regions. The paper aims to analyze Chinese researchers&#039; current mobility trend and characteristics and provide a reference for talent absorption and management in some regions and institutions. ［Method/process］The ORCID dataset, publication data from WoS and institutional name data from multiple platforms were used as data sources, which were connected and normalized using rule-based and machine learning techniques to reconstruct the profile of Chinese researchers using data mining methods. Then, from the perspectives of mobility scale, mobility frequency and mobility patterns, the study analyzes the characteristics and trends of domestic mobility among Chinese researchers. Besides, the study examines the trends of talent mobility in various regions and the &quot;new first-tier&quot; cities after China&#039;s reform and opening by providing an in-depth analysis of Chinese researchers&#039; mobility evolution. ［Result/conclusion］In general, the mobility of Chinese researchers is vast, but it is not frequent; the &quot;siphon effect&quot; of talents in &quot;double first-class&quot; universities coexists with competition for talents; regional mobility of researchers is unevenly distributed, with &quot;new first-tier&quot; cities and most regions of China having a high level of mobility, whereas northeastern and central China are experiencing severe brain drain problems. Based on these findings, this paper provides countermeasures for establishing a virtuous cycle of talent cultivation in a multidimensional collaboration of &quot;national-local-university&quot; as a means of further implementing the strategy of strengthening the country with talent, conducting twinning and supporting projects, improving the research environment, and enhancing the treatment of talents.