用户需求驱动的高端颠覆性创新过程与机理研究——基于海尔控氧保鲜冰箱的探索性案例研究

刘海兵; 周杞贞; 黄天蔚; 王旭; 张洪

doi:10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2026.04.011

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科研管理 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (4) : 109-118. DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2026.04.011 CSTR: 32148.14.kygl.2026.04.011

用户需求驱动的高端颠覆性创新过程与机理研究——基于海尔控氧保鲜冰箱的探索性案例研究

刘海兵 ¹^,²^,³ ,
周杞贞 ¹^,² ,
黄天蔚 ¹^,⁴ ,
王旭 ¹ ,
张洪 ¹^,³

作者信息 +

Research on the processes and mechanisms of high-end disruptive innovation driven by user demands: An exploratory case study of Haier's oxygen-controlled freshness refrigerator

Liu Haibing ¹^,²^,³ ,
Zhou Qizhen ¹^,² ,
Huang Tianwei ¹^,⁴ ,
Wang Xu ¹ ,
Zhang Hong ¹^,³

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

高端颠覆性创新通过提供全新功能、不连续的技术标准改变了原有技术轨道的性能指标,推动了新技术的突破,因此,高端颠覆性创新是“坚决打赢关键核心技术攻坚战”的重要支点。本文选择探索性案例研究方法,以海尔控氧保鲜冰箱作为研究对象,深入剖析了用户需求在高端颠覆性创新中的作用过程与机理,构建了用户需求驱动的高端颠覆性创新理论框架。研究发现:(1)用户需求驱动的高端颠覆性创新过程包括模糊前端阶段(聚焦创新逻辑、识别用户需求)、开发阶段(知识创新、技术突破)和商业化阶段(合法性获取、市场颠覆)等3个核心阶段的创新活动;(2)在模糊前端阶段,用户需求为高端颠覆性创新强化了基于创新逻辑的技术创新组织惯例,并决定了高端颠覆性技术创新战略;在开发阶段,用户需求建构了高端颠覆性创新“新颖性-可行性-经济性”(NFE)三维结构的均衡过程,推动科学原理向技术产品的转化;在商业化阶段,用户需求从“嵌入”和“实现”加速了高端颠覆性创新的合法性市场获取和市场扩散,最终实现市场颠覆;(3)技术突破和市场响应2类机理支撑了用户需求驱动的高端颠覆性创新得以实现,其中,技术突破机理包括:核心技术积累(技术预见能力、技术扩散能力)、创新秩序建构(自主可控的开放式创新、利益驱动的分布式创新)、品牌效应催化(适配性资源获取、互惠型关系维持),市场响应机理包括组织柔性提升(紧密频繁的用户互动、经济逻辑型内部协同)。在此基础上,提出了管理启示,包括:一是加强对高端颠覆性创新“经济性”维度上的供给;二是提升对用户数据的治理能力;三是构建完整的从理解用户需求到实现用户需求的闭环管理体系。

Abstract

High-end disruptive innovation (HDI) alters the performance metrics of incumbent technological trajectories by introducing novel functionalities and discontinuous technical standards, thereby catalyzing breakthroughs in emerging technologies. Focusing on Haier's Oxygen-Controlled Freshness Refrigerator as a pivotal case study, this research employed a single-case methodology to investigate the processes and mechanisms through which user demands drive HDI. Key findings revealed: (1) The HDI process driven by user demands comprises three core phases: fuzzy front-end phase, R&D phase, and commercialization phase. (2) During the fuzzy front-end phase, user demand reinforces the organizational practices of technological innovation based on the logic of innovation for HDI. In the R&D phase, an equilibrium framework is established to balance the "Novelty-Feasibility-Economy" (NFE) triad, enabling the translation of scientific principles into technological products. At the commercialization phase, user demands operate through "embedding" and "realization" mechanisms, accelerating HDI's legitimacy attainment in market acquisition, diffusion, and eventual disruption. (3) The dual mechanisms underpin user demand-driven HDI: "technological breakthrough mechanisms" (encompassing core technology accumulation, innovation ecosystem orchestration, and brand catalysis) and "market responsiveness mechanisms" (manifested through organizational agility enhancement). On this basis, corresponding managerial implications are proposed: prioritizing economic viability in HDI, optimizing user data governance protocols, and instituting closed-loop management systems spanning from demand comprehension to realization.

导出引用

刘海兵, 周杞贞, 黄天蔚, 等. 用户需求驱动的高端颠覆性创新过程与机理研究——基于海尔控氧保鲜冰箱的探索性案例研究[J]. 科研管理. 2026, 47(4): 109-118 https://doi.org/10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2026.04.011

Liu Haibing, Zhou Qizhen, Huang Tianwei, et al. Research on the processes and mechanisms of high-end disruptive innovation driven by user demands: An exploratory case study of Haier's oxygen-controlled freshness refrigerator[J]. Science Research Management. 2026, 47(4): 109-118 https://doi.org/10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2026.04.011

中图分类号： F273.1

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