创业失败恐惧与创业机会识别的关系研究

doi:10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.01.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 创业失败恐惧是创业活动中的重要情绪体验，既可能阻碍创业者识别机会，也可能激发其识别机会潜力。然而，现有研究尚未系统揭示这一情绪作用的内在机制及适用条件。本研究基于情绪认知评价理论，构建并检验了创业失败恐惧与创业机会识别的倒U型关系模型，重点探讨创业警觉的中介作用和正念的调节效应。通过对200份创业者有效调查问卷数据进行了多元层级回归分析和Bootstrap方法检验。研究结果表明：（1）创业失败恐惧与创业机会识别呈倒U型关系，适度失败恐惧有助于识别创业机会，而过低或过高失败恐惧均有阻碍作用；（2）创业警觉在创业失败恐惧与创业机会识别倒U型关系之间起中介作用；（3）正念负向调节创业失败恐惧与创业警觉之间倒U型关系。正念水平较低时，倒U型效应更显著，而正念水平较高时，创业失败恐惧对创业警觉的正向作用更强。本研究系统地阐释了创业失败恐惧对创业机会识别的非线性影响及其作用机制与边界条件，丰富了对创业失败恐惧积极效应的理论理解，为受失败恐惧所困扰的创业者有效识别创业机会提供了理论指导与实践借鉴。

关键词: 创业失败恐惧, 创业机会识别, 创业警觉, 正念

Abstract: Fear of entrepreneurial failure is a critical emotional experience in entrepreneurial activities, which can either hinder entrepreneurs from recognizing opportunities or stimulate their potentials to do so. However, existing research has not systematically explored the underlying mechanism and boundary conditions of this emotional influence. Drawing on the emotional cognitive appraisal theory, this study developed and tested a curvilinear (inverted U-shaped) relationship model between fear of entrepreneurial failures and recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities, with a focus on the mediating role of entrepreneurial alertness and the moderating effect of mindfulness. Using the data collected from 200 entrepreneurs through validated questionnaires responses, the hypotheses were tested through hierarchical regression, Bootstrap analysis, and yielded the following conclusions. Firstly, fear of entrepreneurial failure exhibits an inverted U-shaped relationship with recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities, where the medium levels of fear of entrepreneurial failures facilitates recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities, while excessively low or high level of fear impedes it. Secondly, entrepreneurial alertness mediates the inverted Ushaped relationship between fear of entrepreneurial failures and recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities. Finally，mindfulness negatively moderates the inverted U-shaped relationship between fear of entrepreneurial failures and entrepreneurial alertness, with the curvilinear effect being more pronounced at low levels of mindfulness and the positive impact of fear on alertness becoming stronger at high mindfulness levels. This study has provided a systematic explanation of the nonlinear effects of fear of entrepreneurial failures on recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities, elucidated its underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions, enhanced theoretical understanding of the constructive role of entrepreneurial fear of failure, and offered some practical insights for entrepreneurs struggling with fear of entrepreneurial failures to effectively recognize opportunities in entrepreneurial activities.

Key words: fear of entrepreneurial failure, recognition of entrepreneurial opportunity, entrepreneurial alertness, mindfulness

张磊杨洪涛史航宇姚楠. 创业失败恐惧与创业机会识别的关系研究[J]. 科研管理, 2025, 46(1): 174-182.

Zhang Lei, Yang Hongtao, Shi Hangyu, Yao Nan. Research on the relationship between fear of entrepreneurial failure and recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities[J]. Science Research Management, 2025, 46(1): 174-182.

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