科研管理 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (10): 172-182.DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2024.10.017

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

社保缴费与企业创新:基于降费改革的研究

梁君1,汪伟2,郭婧2,崔亚东3   

  1. 1.广西师范大学经济管理学院,广西 桂林541004;
    2.上海财经大学公共经济与管理学院,上海200433;
    3.山东财经大学保险学院,山东 济南250014

  • 收稿日期:2023-04-23 修回日期:2024-08-02 出版日期:2024-10-20 发布日期:2024-10-11
  • 通讯作者: 崔亚东
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重大项目:“全面实施供给侧结构性改革研究”(22ZDA049,2022.1—2024.12);国家社会科学基金重大项目:“人口老龄化的收入不平等效应及对策研究”(23VRC052,2023.11—2026.12);上海高校东方学者特聘教授支持计划(2023140001,2022.12—2025.12);中央高校基本科研业务费项目:“我国经济高质量发展的内涵与路径研究”(2023110395,2023.8—2024.8)、“数字化重塑产业链供应链的机理、效应与对策研究”(2023110310,2023.6—2024.11)。

Social insurance payment and enterprise innovation: A study based on a fee reduction reform

Liang Jun1, Wang Wei2, Guo Jing2, Cui Yadong3   

  1. 1. School of Economics and Management, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China; 
    2. School of Public Economics and Administration, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433, China; 
    3. School of Insurance, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
  • Received:2023-04-23 Revised:2024-08-02 Online:2024-10-20 Published:2024-10-11

摘要:    在经济高质量发展和减税降费的大背景下,探讨社保缴费负担对企业创新的影响具有十分重要的理论与政策意义。本文利用我国上市公司A股数据,通过构建双重差分模型,实证研究了阶段性降低社保缴费负担政策对企业创新的影响。研究发现:(1)社保缴费负担下降显著提高了企业的研发投入强度和无形资产占比,促进了企业创新;(2)机制分析表明,社保缴费负担下降的收入效应比较显著,而替代效应十分微弱,从整体上看社保缴费负担下降显著促进了企业创新;(3)异质性分析表明,与低费率地区企业、国有企业以及小企业相比,社保缴费负担下降显著促进了高费率地区企业、民营企业以及小企业的创新;(4)通过比较2016和2019年的降费改革政策实施效果发现,2019年的降费幅度更大,对企业创新的影响更显著。本文识别出了社保缴费负担变化与企业创新的因果效应及机制,有助于政府进一步优化社保降费改革政策与促进企业创新。

关键词: 社保缴费负担, 阶段性降费改革, 企业创新

Abstract:    Under the background of high-quality economic development and tax and fee reductions, it is of great theoretical and policy significance to study the impact of social insurance payment burden on enterprise innovation. Using the A-share data of listed companies in China, this paper empirically investigated the impact of the policy of gradually reducing the social insurance payment burden on enterprise innovation by constructing a difference-in-difference model. The study showed that: (1) the reduction of social insurance payment burden significantly increases the R&D investment intensity and intangible asset ratio of enterprises, which in turn has boosted their innovation; (2) the mechanism analysis showed that the income effect of the reduction of social insurance payment burden is relatively significant, while the substitution effect is very weak, and the reduction of social insurance payment burden significantly promotes the innovation of enterprises in the overall view; (3) the heterogeneity analysis showed that the decline in the burden of social insurance payments significantly promotes innovation among enterprises in high rate regions, private enterprises, and small enterprises compared to enterprises in low rate regions, state-owned enterprises, and large enterprises; (4) by comparing the implementation effects of the fee reduction reform policy in 2016 and 2019, it was found through the effect of the implementation of the fee reduction reform policy that the fee reduction in 2019 is larger and has a more significant effect on enterprise innovation. This paper identified the causal effects and mechanism of changes in social insurance payment burden and enterprise innovation, which helps the government to further optimize the social security fee reduction reform policy and promote enterprise innovation.

Key words: social insurance payment burden, phased contribution rate reduction reform, enterprise innovation