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战略性知识披露对产品创新绩效的影响研究
Research on the impact of strategic knowledge disclosure on product innovation performance
战略性知识披露是企业参与开放式价值创造的重要渠道,但其与产品创新绩效的关系尚未明晰。基于资源编排理论,探索了战略性知识披露对产品创新绩效的影响机制及边界,利用213家中国汽车制造企业的经验数据,构建固定效应负二项回归模型进行实证分析。 结果表明: 战略知识披露能够提升产品创新绩效。影响机制检验表明,战略性知识披露可通过增强关系互惠性、释放合作信号和扩充公共知识池等渠道驱动产品创新。调节作用检验发现,知识模块化能力、知识回收能力以及二者的协同均能正向调节战略性知识披露与产品创新绩效之间的关系,且从作用差异看,知识模块化能力的调节作用最强。本文从外部知识获取的角度扩充了战略性知识披露推动产品创新的机制研究,为企业如何利用动态能力赋能开放式产品创新提供参考。
Strategic knowledge disclosure is an important channel for enterprises to participate in open value creation, but its relationship with product innovation performance is not yet clear. Based on the resource orchestration theory, the mechanism and boundaries of the impact of strategic knowledge disclosure on product innovation performance were explored in this paper, and a fixed-effects negative binomial regression model was constructed for empirical analysis by using the 213 Chinese automobile manufacturing enterprises' experiential data. The results showed that strategic knowledge disclosure can enhance product innovation performance. The influence mechanism test indicated that strategic knowledge disclosure can drive product innovation through channels such as enhancing relational reciprocity, releasing cooperation signals, and expanding the public knowledge pool. The moderating effect test found that knowledge modularization capability, knowledge retrieval capability, and the synergy of the two can positively moderate the relationship between strategic knowledge disclosure and product innovation performance, and in terms of difference in effects, the moderating effect of knowledge modularization capability is the strongest. This paper has expanded the research on the mechanism of strategic knowledge disclosure to promote product innovation from the perspective of external knowledge acquisition, and it will provide some reference for how enterprises utilize dynamic capabilities to facilitate open product innovation.
战略性知识披露 / 产品创新 / 知识模块化能力 / 知识回收能力
strategic knowledge disclosure / product innovation / knowledge modularization capability / knowledge retrieval capability
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本研究突破传统视角强调“知识保护，防止知识被动溢出”才能更好实现创新独占的逻辑局限，识别“企业主动、战略性的知识披露”这一新兴视角剖析其作用于开放式创新网络中价值独占的影响机理与权变条件。进一步的，文章将原生性价值独占与再生性价值独占两个维度同时纳入考虑系统解构开放式创新网络中价值独占的持续效益。通过对来自两大高新技术行业122家上市公司10年的纵向面板数据进行大样本实证分析，研究发现：战略性知识披露对原生性价值独占和再生性价值独占均有正向促进作用，其中与再生性价值独占的正向关系更为显著；低竞争强度下战略性知识披露更能促进原生性价值独占，高竞争强度下战略性知识披露更能促进再生性价值独占的；技术多样性会放大战略性知识披露和原生性与再生性价值独占的正向关系。本文结论贡献于创新独占的文献并对管理实践有一定的启示意义。
本研究突破传统视角强调“知识保护，防止知识被动溢出”才能更好实现创新独占的逻辑局限，识别“企业主动、战略性的知识披露”这一新兴视角剖析其作用于开放式创新网络中价值独占的影响机理与权变条件。进一步的，文章将原生性价值独占与再生性价值独占两个维度同时纳入考虑系统解构开放式创新网络中价值独占的持续效益。通过对来自两大高新技术行业122家上市公司10年的纵向面板数据进行大样本实证分析，研究发现：战略性知识披露对原生性价值独占和再生性价值独占均有正向促进作用，其中与再生性价值独占的正向关系更为显著；低竞争强度下战略性知识披露更能促进原生性价值独占，高竞争强度下战略性知识披露更能促进再生性价值独占的；技术多样性会放大战略性知识披露和原生性与再生性价值独占的正向关系。本文结论贡献于创新独占的文献并对管理实践有一定的启示意义。
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Open source software (OSS) is a social and economic phenomenon that raises fundamental questions about the motivations of contributors to information systems development. Some developers are unpaid volunteers who seek to solve their own technical problems, while others create OSS as part of their employment contract. For the past 10 years, a substantial amount of academic work has theorized about and empirically examined developer motivations. We review this work and suggest considering motivation in terms of the values of the social practice in which developers participate. Based on the social philosophy of Alasdair MacIntyre, we construct a theoretical framework that expands our assumptions about individual motivation to include the idea of a long-term, value-informed quest beyond short-term rewards. This motivation–practice framework depicts how the social practice and its supporting institutions mediate between individual motivation and outcome. The framework contains three theoretical conjectures that seek to explain how collectively elaborated standards of excellence prompt developers to produce high-quality software, change institutions, and sustain OSS development. From the framework, we derive six concrete propositions and suggest a new research agenda on motivation in OSS.
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A firm's inventions provide technical information for product planning and technical support for new product development (NPD). In the knowledge-based theory, inventing is regarded as a process of knowledge combination. This paper aims to classify the firm's inventive capabilities based on the combinatorial view and investigate the effects of inventive capabilities on NPD performance.
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【目的/意义】对主要的SAO语义结构方法及其在专利情报研究中的应用进行综述分析。【方法/过程】以SAO结构、专利分析、技术分析等关键词在中国知网、万方数据和Web of Science进行检索并参考相关会议，经过人工阅读和筛选，选取基于SAO结构在专利情报分析的相关研究进行综述。分别概括了SAO语义结构方法在专利情报分析中的相关技术，并通过技术演化分析和技术预测等典型应用场景进行方法剖析。SAO语义结构分析与传统的专利分析方法相比，主要弥补了文本语义信息的缺陷。【结果/结论】本研究有助于相关研究者全面了解SAO结构在技术情报分析中的相关技术及应用场景。SAO语义结构方法弥补了传统技术情报分析方法的不足，是情报研究方法的重要发展方向，随着方法的成熟，未来可以考虑应用到更多技术情报分析场景中。
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Networked structures arise in a wide array of different contexts such as technological and transportation infrastructures, social phenomena, and biological systems. These highly interconnected systems have recently been the focus of a great deal of attention that has uncovered and characterized their topological complexity. Along with a complex topological structure, real networks display a large heterogeneity in the capacity and intensity of the connections. These features, however, have mainly not been considered in past studies where links are usually represented as binary states, i.e., either present or absent. Here, we study the scientific collaboration network and the world-wide air-transportation network, which are representative examples of social and large infrastructure systems, respectively. In both cases it is possible to assign to each edge of the graph a weight proportional to the intensity or capacity of the connections among the various elements of the network. We define appropriate metrics combining weighted and topological observables that enable us to characterize the complex statistical properties and heterogeneity of the actual strength of edges and vertices. This information allows us to investigate the correlations among weighted quantities and the underlying topological structure of the network. These results provide a better description of the hierarchies and organizational principles at the basis of the architecture of weighted networks.
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The extent to which scientific advances support marketplace inventions is largely unknown. We study 4.8 million U.S. patents and 32 million research articles to determine the minimum citation distance between patented inventions and prior scientific advances. We find that most cited research articles (80%) link forward to a future patent. Similarly, most patents (61%) link backward to a prior research article. Linked papers and patents typically stand 2 to 4 degrees distant from the other domain. Yet, advances directly along the patent-paper boundary are notably more impactful within their own domains. The distance metric further provides a typology of the fields, institutions, and individuals involved in science-to-technology linkages. Overall, the findings are consistent with theories that emphasize substantial and fruitful connections between patenting and prior scientific inquiry.Copyright © 2017 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.
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