交叉学科科研团队创新力形成机制：求同还是求异

doi:10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2024.09.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 交叉学科科研团队是解决复杂科学问题和应对社会挑战的重要组织形式，其团队创新力对我国布局基础研究、催生原创性成果具有推动作用。分布于西北工业大学、南京工业大学和南京邮电大学的先进材料研究团队（IAM团队）初创于1996年，是有机电子和柔性电子领域的高水平交叉学科科研团队。本文基于认知图式理论，对IAM团队进行探索性单案例研究发现：（1）交叉学科科研团队通过创造性学习机制整合多元学科知识，形成异质有序的知识图式（“求异”），反映出科研团队成员知识结构重组并产生创造性想法的过程机制。（2）交叉学科科研团队通过适应性学习机制融合成员不同的价值观，形成同质和谐的信念图式（“求同”），体现出科研团队成员之间相互适应并组建高凝聚力集体的过程机制。（3）知识图式的“求异”和信念图式的“求同”共同作用，促进交叉学科科研团队创新力形成。本文提出认知图式视角下团队创新力形成的“求同”和“求异”机制模型，完善团队创新力形成的理论研究，并对交叉学科科研团队开展基础研究、产生技术突破提供启示。

关键词: 交叉学科科研团队, 认知图式, 适应性学习, 创造性学习, 团队创新力

Abstract: Interdisciplinary research team is an important organizational form to solve intricate scientific inquiries and cope with social challenges, and its innovation capability plays a driving role in developing basic scientific research and the initiation of original outcomes in China. The Institute of Advanced Materials Team (IAM), established in 1996 and based at Northwestern Polytechnical University, Nanjing Tech University and Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, is a comprehensive and interdisciplinary frontiers research team within the domain of organic electronics and flexible electronics. Based on the cognitive schema theory, this paper drew on the exploratory single case study of IAM team, and found that: (1) the interdisciplinary research team integrates multi-disciplinary knowledge through creative learning mechanism to build a heterogeneous and ordered knowledge schema ("seeking heterogeneity"), reflecting the mechanism of reorganizing the knowledge structure and generating creative ideas of research team members; (2) through the adaptive learning mechanism, the interdisciplinary research team integrates the various values of members to construct a homogenous and harmonious belief schema ("seeking homogeneity"), which reflects the mechanism of mutual adaptation and the formation of a highly cohesive collective among research team members; and (3) the "seeking heterogeneity" of knowledge schema and "seeking homogeneity" of belief schema interacts with each other to build the innovation capability of the scientific research team. This paper proposed a mechanism model of "seeking homogeneity" and "seeking heterogeneity" in the formation of team innovation capability from the perspective of cognitive schema, which will enrich the theoretical research on the formation of team innovation capability, and provide practical insights into the basic research and technological breakthroughs of interdisciplinary scientific research team.

Key words: interdisciplinary scientific research team, cognitive schema, creative learning, adaptive learning, team innovation capability

段雪凝常玉黄维. 交叉学科科研团队创新力形成机制：求同还是求异[J]. 科研管理, 2024, 45(9): 85-92.

Duan Xuening, Chang Yu, Huang Wei. The innovation capability formation mechanism of interdisciplinary scientific research teams: Seeking homogeneity or heterogeneity[J]. Science Research Management, 2024, 45(9): 85-92.

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