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企业数字创新能力的动态演化和驱动机制研究
Research on the dynamic evolution and driving mechanism of digital innovation capability of enterprises
数字创新能力是企业在数字经济时代获取和保持持续竞争优势的重要来源。然而,其演化逻辑和形成机制缺乏充分探索。因此,本文基于创新生态系统理论,通过双案例比较分析探究了核心企业数字创新能力的动态演化过程和驱动机制。研究发现:第一,在企业创新生态系统中,核心企业数字创新能力可分为协同型数字创新能力和独特型数字创新能力,其开发过程都经历了培育、形成和提升三个阶段;第二,多主体间的协作机制是核心企业数字创新能力开发的先决条件,可分为分布式协作和集成式协作,各自推动了不同类型数字创新能力的开发;第三,知识耦合是核心企业数字创新能力开发的动力机制,体现了多主体间协作对企业数字创新能力形成的内在作用机理。松散型知识耦合搭建了分布式协作与协同型数字创新能力之间的桥梁,紧密型知识耦合则搭建了集成式协作与独特型数字创新能力之间的桥梁。研究结论从多主体协作的新视角剖析了企业数字创新能力的形成机制,不仅丰富了企业数字创新能力的理论文献,还为企业有效开发数字创新能力提供了实践借鉴。
The digital innovation capability serves as a pivotal source for firms to acquire and uphold sustainable competitive advantages in the era of digital economy. However, its evolutionary logic and formation mechanism have not yet been fully explored. Hence, drawing upon the theory of innovation ecosystem, this paper investigated the dynamic evolutionary process and driving mechanism of core firms' digital innovation capability. The findings are as follows: first, within the firm innovation ecosystem, the digital innovation capability of core firms can be divided into collaborative digital innovation capability and unique digital innovation capability, and its development process has undergone three stages: cultivation, formation and promotion. Second, the collaboration mechanism among multiple entities is an essential prerequisite for the development of core firms' digital innovation capabilities, which can be divided into distributed collaboration and integrated collaboration, each driving the development of different types of digital innovation capabilities. Third, knowledge coupling is the driving force for the development of core firms' digital innovation capability, which reflects the internal mechanism of multi-subject collaboration on the formation of firms' digital innovation capability. Loose knowledge coupling builds a bridge between distributed collaboration and collaborative digital innovation capabilities, while tight knowledge coupling builds a bridge between integrated collaboration and unique digital innovation capabilities. The research conclusion analyzes the formation mechanism of firm digital innovation capability from the new perspective of multi-agent collaboration, which not only enriches the theoretical literature of firm digital innovation capability, but also provides practical reference for firms to effectively develop digital innovation capability.
企业创新生态系统 / 协作机制 / 企业数字创新能力 / 知识耦合
enterprise innovation ecosystem / collaboration mechanism / enterprise digital innovation capability / knowledge coupling
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数字创新能力是数字经济时代组织持续竞争优势的重要来源，但现有文献对其内涵并未有明确阐解。本文在界定数字创新能力的概念特征基础上，剖析了其两层五维度的结构，认为数字创新能力是由数字连接能力、数据聚合能力、智能分析能力等一阶维度和数字敏捷能力和重组创新能力等二阶维度组成。在此基础上，本文搭建了数字创新能力的理论框架，从环境层面、生态系统层面和组织层面阐述数字创新能力的前因，并简要分析其对竞争优势的支撑作用。最后，本文提出了未来研究重点和方向。
数字创新能力是数字经济时代组织持续竞争优势的重要来源，但现有文献对其内涵并未有明确阐解。本文在界定数字创新能力的概念特征基础上，剖析了其两层五维度的结构，认为数字创新能力是由数字连接能力、数据聚合能力、智能分析能力等一阶维度和数字敏捷能力和重组创新能力等二阶维度组成。在此基础上，本文搭建了数字创新能力的理论框架，从环境层面、生态系统层面和组织层面阐述数字创新能力的前因，并简要分析其对竞争优势的支撑作用。最后，本文提出了未来研究重点和方向。
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创新生态系统出现创新迟滞表现不在少数，提高创新生态企业知识治理水平成为开放式创新下组织知识管理的核心。本研究整合了动态关系观、交易成本理论、制度理论，考察了核心企业知识治理与创新生态系统企业知识共创的关系，以296份参与创新生态系统的企业为样本，验证契约治理和信任治理的交互作用以及生态系统制度化程度的调节效应，完善了核心企业知识治理这一研究框架。研究结果表明，核心企业契约治理和信任治理对创新生态系统企业知识共创均具有正向影响；，契约和信任对于知识共创是互补的作用，同时在生态系统制度化程度较低时，契约治理和信任治理对知识共创的交互作用会加强。上述研究结论对于认识核心企业的两种知识治理机制在应对创新生态系统“创新迟滞”及“生态失调”问题中的作用机理提供了理论支持。最后，本研究从发挥核心企业在创新生态系统中的知识治理作用，合理的选择不同知识治理机制以及分析实现治理有效性的情景条件等方面提出管理启示。
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企业内部形成的创新生态系统是组织演化出现的新形态，通过对海尔集团创新生态系统运作进行扎根分析，发现海尔创新生态系统构建呈现出内外生态跨层嵌套的特殊结构，系统内创新参与者之间涌现出平台模块耦合、多边网络协同等四个协同机制。本案例主要对创新生态系统的研究做出贡献：（1）构建了企业层面的创新生态系统结构，系统内部成员作为独立主体参与外部生态活动，形成生态嵌套结构，打破了已有研究从宏观层面出发将企业视为封闭的同质化节点的局限；（2）探索出企业创新生态系统内部创新参与者的关系及结构，提出系统内参与者可通过权威关系和网络效应相组合实现系统治理，是对现有研究只强调核心组织进行持续性主体干预和资源投入来实现系统协同的补充。
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