This article introduces a general equilibrium model of endogenous technical change through basic and applied research. Basic research differs from applied research in the nature and the magnitude of the generated spillovers. We propose a novel way of empirically identifying these spillovers and embed them in a framework with private firms and a public research sector. After characterizing the equilibrium, we estimate our model using micro-level data on research expenditures by French firms. Our key finding is that uniform research subsidies can accentuate the dynamic misallocation in the economy by oversubsidizing applied research. Policies geared towards public basic research and its interaction with the private sector are significantly welfare-improving.

Assessing the economic effects of basic research development has important reference value for the adjustment and optimization of basic research policies. This article launches research on this topic from the perspective of enterprise technological innovation. Due to State Key Laboratory is the important base of basic research and applied basic research in China, the paper empirically tests the impact of basic research development on technological innovation of enterprises based on the perspective of State Key Laboratory construction by using the city data from 2001 to 2016. According to the existing literature review, the marginal contribution of this paper is mainly reflected in three parts. First, it further enriches the measurement methods of basic research. Second, it is possible to distinguish the heterogeneity effect of basic research and applied basic research on enterprise technological innovation. Finally, the research literature of the State Key Laboratory is expanded. Theempirical regression results show that basic research development based on State Key Laboratory construction can significantly improve technological innovation of enterprises by knowledge spillover mechanism. Further heterogeneity analysis shows that the promotion effect of enterprise technological innovation of provincial and ministerial co-construction, enterprise and discipline State Key Laboratory decreases in turn. Since discipline State Key Laboratory represents pure basic research, provincial and ministerial co-construction State Key Laboratory and enterprise State Key Laboratory represent applied basic research, this regression result indicates that the driving effect of applied basic research on enterprise technological innovation is greater than that of pure basic research. The promotion effect of State Key Laboratory on enterprise technological innovation ability gradually weakens from east to west. Since the eastern system and market environment are better than the central and western regions, this regression result shows that with the improvement of the regional system and market environment, the promotion effect of basic research on the technological innovation of enterprises becomes more obvious. The endogenous problems faced by this article may come from two aspects. one is the omission of common shock variables. For example, it is easier to apply for State Key Laboratory and to promote enterprise technological innovation in areas with a relatively good innovation environment and innovation foundation. On the other hand, enterprise technological innovation is not only the result of basic research, but may also serve as a source of demand to promote the development of basic research. To deal with the above endogenous problems, the paper controls the number of universities, intellectual property protection, and technological achievement transformation market at the regional level on the one hand, and adopts 2SLS for re-regression using the one-period lag of the variable as an instrumental variable on the other hand. A series of endogenous processing regression results show that the conclusions of this article are still valid. The research conclusions of this article can provide the following policy inspirations for the adjustment and optimization of basic research in China. First, speed up the construction of State Key Laboratories and clarify the construction goals of various laboratories. Second, strengthen the system construction of basic research. Third, adjust and optimize the regional layout of State Key Laboratory in the eastern, central and western regions.

The purpose of this paper is to conduct a systematic literature review of the studies that have analyzed the impact of culture on innovation.

以人工智能为引领的新一轮产业变革催生了创新网络多系统共享开放、多主体互动互补、多因素震荡交织等特征的凸显，使得产学研协同创新对资源异质性、知识流动的双重需求日益加剧。该研究以人工智能产业为例，分类别、分阶段探讨了资源异质性与知识流动对产学研协同创新的动态交互效应。研究表明：资源异质性对产学研协同创新具有显著的促进作用；但随着产业生命周期的不断推进，知识吸收对此促进作用经历了 “负向调节效应较大-负向调节效应缩小-正向调节效应加强”的动态调节过程，而知识扩散则经历了“正向调节效应较小-负向调节效应出现-负向调节效应增大”的动态调节过程，为寻找人工智能产学研协同创新生态治理的突破口提供了参考依据。