随着中国崛起,尤其在高精尖领域取得重大突破,以美国为首的西方国家在国际市场对中资企业实施更严格的科技封锁。面对严峻的国际形势和内在发展需求的双重压力,中资企业如何提升国际竞争力已然成为学术界和实践界共同关注的议题。立足战略演化视角,本文选取2家典型的中资企业为研究对象。研究发现:(1)企业竞争力提升受国际创业战略形成与演化过程的重要影响;(2)为抓住新发展机遇,中资企业所采取的国际创业战略内涵愈发丰富,从专注于特定地区或细分行业的全球利基战略,逐渐转化为专注主营业务发展并追求技术精湛的精一战略,最终演化为旨在全球利基市场隐蔽式发展的隐形精一战略;(3)在国际创业战略演化的影响下,中资企业竞争力实现“国际市场竞争力—国际制造竞争力—国际技术竞争力”的全面升级。本文不仅深化了中国情境下的竞争力相关理论,还拓展了国际创业战略的适用情境和边界,对中资企业在国际市场上突破技术封锁并获得可持续发展具有重要的实践启示。

With the rise of China, especially the major breakthroughs in the field of high-technology, the western countries led by the USA have continuously upgraded their technology blockade against Chinese enterprises in the international market.In face of the dual pressure of severe international situation and internal development needs, how to enhance the international competitiveness of Chinese enterprises has become a common concern for the academic and practical circles. Based on the perspective of strategic evolution, this paper selected two typical Chinese enterprises as research objects.

The research found that: the formation and evolution of international entrepreneurial strategies have a significant impact on the competitiveness of enterprises. In order to seize the development opportunities, the international entrepreneurial strategy adopted by Chinese enterprises is quietly changing. The initial global niche strategy focusing on specific regions or segmented industries, has been gradually transformed into the niche strategy focusing on the main business and pursuing exquisite technology, and finally into the hidden niche strategy aiming at the hidden development in the global niche market. Under the influence of the evolution of international entrepreneurial strategy, the competitiveness of Chinese enterprises presents an overall upgrading of "international market competitiveness -international manufacturing competitiveness-international technical competitiveness".

The theoretical contributions of this paper are as follows: first, from the perspective of strategic evolution,this paper proposed a dynamic evolutionary path for Chinese enterprises to break through the barriers built by the West and achieve the improvement of competitiveness. The research conclusion has not only deepened the competitiveness theory in the Chinese context, but also made up for the lack of dynamic evolutionary process analysis in the existing competitiveness research. Second, based on the international entrepreneurship theory and the strategic management theory, this paper analyzed the choice of the international entrepreneurial strategy of Chinese enterprises under the background of anti-globalization, and proposed a new strategic measure of hidden niche strategy. On the one hand, the research conclusion has enriched the applicable situation of international entrepreneurial strategy; On the other hand, it has clarified the connotation and implementation path of the international entrepreneurial strategy of Chinese enterprises in the new era, thus proposing an original strategic concept that conforms to the international development of Chinese enterprises. Third, from the perspective of process, this paper has refined evolution laws of international entrepreneurial strategies, and clarified the evolutionary process and results. The research conclusion has not only fully presented the dynamic evolutionary process of international entrepreneurial strategies of Chinese enterprises, but also revealed the underlying logic of the formation and evolution of international entrepreneurial strategies, thus promoting the research on the dynamic evolution of international entrepreneurial strategies from the theoretical level.

The management implications of this paper are as follows:First, from the national level, China should encourage small-and medium-sized enterprises with the characteristics of specialization, refinement, differentiation and innovation (SRDI enterprises) to carry out international cooperation on production capacity with the "Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road(the Belt and Road)" countries to empowering the SRDI enterprises to develop internationally, and helps the SRDI enterprises to seize the "new track" of global segmented industries, so as to improve the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry. Second, from the industrial level, the industrial development of the "Belt and Road" countries is uneven, and China and the "Belt and Road" countries can form complementary industrial advantages. China needs to promote SRDI enterprises to continue to exert efforts in various segmented technology fields, thereby promoting rationalization of the industrial layout. Third, from the perspective of enterprises, Chinese enterprises should adhere to the "hidden niche strategy" and accelerate the internationalization process of enterprises with the help of the window of international entrepreneurial opportunities brought by the "Belt and Road". Chinese enterprises should find a balance between the global market segment and their own capabilities, strive to find niche market in the "Belt and Road" countries, integrate local resources of the "Belt and Road" countries by establishing an international entrepreneurial network interwoven with strong and weak relationships with governments, industry leaders and other entities, and make the main products more suitable for the needs of local market segmented through localization, and gradually achieve the improvement of international technological competitiveness of enterprises.