尽管许多管理顾问建议企业可以将部分技术开发活动进行外包,但是对于企业内部R&D与外部技术获取之间的作用性质及其条件却知之甚少。本文构建了一个超越对数创新产出函数,利用中国31个省份的大中型工业企业的创新投入-产出数据检验了企业内部R&D投入、外部R&D投入以及外部技术引进(直接技术利用)之间的替代性和互补性。研究结果表明,当企业具有更强的技术吸收能力、较大的经济规模和具备以往技术转让经验时,内部R&D与外部R&D之间的互补性较强;而企业的R&D投入(技术开发)与外部技术引进(直接技术利用)之间一般呈现出替代性。可见企业在不同的技术活动阶段、采用不同的技术活动形式时,外部技术的替代性与互补性有所不同。
Abstract
Although many management consultants suggest that enterprises can outsource some technology developing activities, but the nature of effects and the conditions between internal R&D and external technology acquisitions are poorly understood. This paper constructs an innovation production translog function, and we apply the innovation input-output data of large and medium-sized industrial enterprises in China's 31 provinces to test the complementarities between internal R&D and external R&D. The research results show that, when the enterprise has stronger ability to absorb technology, large economies of scale and the technology transfer experiences, the degree of complementarities between internal and external R&D is strong. The results also show that enterprise's R&D investment (technology development) and external technology purchasing are substitutability. It shows that the substitution and complementarities of external technology are different at enterprise's different stages and different forms of technical activities.
关键词
内部R&D /
外部R&D /
替代性 /
互补性
Key words
internal R&D /
external R&D /
substitutability /
complementarities
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] Chesbrough H.W. Open innovation: The new imperative for creating and profiting from technology[M]. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2003:7-9.
[2] Cassiman B., Veugelers R. In search of complementarity in innovation strategy: Internal R&D and external technology acquisition[J]. Management Science, 2006, 52(1):68–82.
[3] Lokshin B., Belderbos R., Carree M. The productivity effects of internal and external R&D: evidence from a dynamic panel data model[J]. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 2008, 70(3):399–413.
[4] Vega-Jurado J., Gutiérrez-Gracia A., Fernández-de-Lucio I. Does external knowledge sourcing matter for innovation? Evidence from the Spanish manufacturing industry[J]. Industrial and Corporate Change, 2009, 18(4):637–670.
[5] Hagedoorna, John, Wang, Ning.Is there complementarity or substitutability between internal and external R&D strategies?[J].Research Policy, 2012, 41(6):1072–1083.
[6] 樊霞,何悦,朱桂龙.产学研合作与企业内部研发的互补性关系研究——基于广东省部产学研合作的实证[J].科学学研究,2011,29(5):764-770.Fan Xia,He Yue,Zhu Guilong. Research on complementarity between university-industry cooperation and enterprise internal R&D:Based on the empirical research of cooperation in Guangdong province and department[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2011,29(5):764-770.
[7] Milgrom P., Roberts J. The economics of modern manufacturing: Technology, strategy, and organization[J]. American Economic Review, 1990,80(3):511-528.
[8] Hoang H., Rothaermel F.T. Leveraging internal and external experience: Exploration, exploitation, and R&D project performance[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2010, 31 (7): 734-758.
[9] Ceccagnoli M., Graham M., Higginsy M., Lee J. Productivity and the role of complementary assets in firms' demand for technology innovations[J]. Industrial and Corporate Change,2010,19(3):839-869.
基金
国家自然科学基金项目“创新要素集聚方式、区域创新网络开放性与中小企业集群动态能力”(编号71173194,2012-2015);国家社科基金项目“中小企业技术源开发模式的国际比较研究”(编号13CGL020,2013-2015)。
PDF(1 KB)
