2024年全国两会强调要大力推进现代化产业体系建设,加快发展新质生产力。在数字经济时代,研究数字化转型速率如何提升企业生产率,对实现企业新质生产力的提高有较好的理论和现实意义。本文以2010—2022年我国沪深A股上市公司为研究对象,构建调节效应和机制检验模型实证检验数字化转型速率对企业新质生产力的影响。研究发现:(1)数字化转型速率和企业新质生产力之间存在“倒U型”关系。(2)现金持有水平的提高有助于延长数字化转型速率对企业新质生产力积极效应的持续作用,表现为“倒U型”曲线拐点右移;并且其也能够缓解数字化转型速率对企业新质生产力的消极作用,表现为“倒U型”曲线形态更加平缓。(3)进一步分析发现,研发创新能力在数字化转型速率与企业新质生产力的“倒U型”关系中起到部分中介作用。且异质性分析表明,在具有海外背景的董监高团队企业、高新技术行业企业以及东部地区企业,其数字化转型速率和企业新质生产力的“倒U型”关系更显著。本文为我国企业在数字化过程中保持科学合理的转型速率提供参考意见,从而提高全要素生产率,促进企业新质生产力发展。

Promoting vigorously construction of a modern industrial system and accelerating the development of new quality productivity are emphasized in the second session of the 14th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China and the second session of the 14th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in 2024. In the era of digital economy, studying how the digital transformation rate can enhance corporate productivity holds significant theoretical and practical implications for improving new productive forces in enterprises. This paper examined the A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2010 to 2022 and constructed a moderation and mechanism testing model to empirically test the impact of digital transformation rate on new productive forces in enterprises. The study found that: (1) there is an "inverted U-shaped" relationship between the rate of digital transformation and new productive forces in enterprises; (2) an increase in cash holdings helps prolong the positive effects of the digital transformation rate on new productive forces, which is reflected in a rightward shift of the "inverted U-shaped" curve's inflection point. It also mitigates the negative impact of the digital transformation rate on new productive forces, making the "inverted U-shaped" curve flatter. (3) Further analysis revealed that R&D innovation capability plays a partial mediating role in the "inverted U-shaped" relationship between digital transformation rate and new productive forces. Additionally, the heterogeneity analysis indicated that the "inverted U-shaped" relationship is more pronounced in companies with overseas backgrounds among the board of directors and supervisory team, high-tech industries, and companies located in the eastern region. This paper will provide some insights for Chinese enterprises to maintain a scientifically reasonable pace of digital transformation, thereby improving total factor productivity and promoting the development of new productive forces.