在关键核心技术被“卡脖子”背景下，制造业智能化能否提升企业关键核心技术能力，是一个值得进一步研究的问题。文章基于2010—2021年沪深A股制造业上市公司的数据，建立制造业智能化综合衡量指标，借助固定效应与中介效应模型实证检验制造业智能化对企业关键核心技术能力的影响及作用机制。研究结果表明：（1）制造业智能化对企业关键核心技术能力的影响呈现倒“U”型，随着制造业智能化由低向高的转变，企业关键核心技术能力呈现先上升后下降的非线性演化趋势，且上述影响在中美贸易争端后有所增强；（2）资本配置效率与劳动技能结构在制造业智能化和企业关键核心技术能力之间发挥倒“U”型中介作用，技术流动的中介作用不显著；（3）相较于非国有性质与低研发密度企业，制造业智能化对国有性质与高研发密度企业关键核心技术能力的作用效果更为明显。研究结论丰富了制造业智能化经济后果和关键核心技术能力影响因素的相关文献，为推进人工智能与制造业深度融合、深化创新驱动发展战略提供了理论参考与经验证据。

    Against the backdrop that key core technologies are under a stranglehold, whether manufacturing intelligentization can enhance enterprise key core technology capabilities is a question worthy of further research. Based on the data from manufacturing companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares from 2010 to 2021，this study designed a systematic measure for manufacturing intelligentization and empirically examined the impact and mechanisms of manufacturing intelligentization on enterprise key core technology capabilities using the fixed effect model and mediating effect model. The results indicated that: (1) Manufacturing intelligentization has a significant inverted U-shaped impact on enterprise key core technology capabilities, showing a nonlinear evolution trend where the enterprise key core technology capabilities first increase and then decrease as manufacturing intelligentization shifts from low to high levels. This impact has been amplified after the China-U.S. trade dispute; (2) Capital allocation efficiency and labor skill structure mediate the relationship between manufacturing intelligentization and enterprise key core technology capabilities in an inverted U-shaped manner while the mediating effect of technology flows is not significant; and (3) Compared to non-state-owned and low R&D intensity enterprises, the impact of manufacturing intelligentization on enterprise key core technology capabilities is more pronounced in state-owned and high R&D intensity enterprises. The research conclusion will enrich the literature on the economic consequences of manufacturing intelligentization and the influencing factors of enterprise key core technology capabilities. Additionally, it will provide important theoretical references and empirical evidence for promoting the deep integration of artificial intelligence and manufacturing and for deepening the innovation-driven development strategy.