独占策略对开放式创新的非对称影响研究

张慧颖; 陈玺光; 李振东

doi:10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2023.11.011

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科研管理 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (11) : 104-113. DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2023.11.011

论文

独占策略对开放式创新的非对称影响研究

张慧颖¹,陈玺光¹,李振东²

作者信息 +

A study of symmetric influences of appropriation strategies on open innovation

Zhang Huiying¹, Chen Xiguang¹, Li Zhendong²

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

企业独占策略如何影响开放式创新活动形式，是开放式创新企业亟待解决的战略焦点，尤其对外部知识、技术等资源需求强烈的创业型企业更具显著意义。基于764家制造企业的调查数据，运用负二项回归模型，从信号理论视角实证探索独占策略对正式开放式创新与非正式开放式创新的非对称影响，并分析创业导向的调节作用。研究结果表明，独占策略对正式开放式创新具有积极正向影响，对非正式开放式创新具有倒“U”型影响，即存在非对称影响。创业导向能够显著强化独占策略对正式开放式创新的积极影响，也能积极调节独占策略对非正式开放式创新的倒“U”型影响。研究有助于深化对独占策略信号效应的理论解释，也为企业与政府制定创新相关战略与政策提供启示。

Abstract

The strategic issue on how appropriation strategies influence forms of open innovation activities needs to be solved for open innovation firms. It especially matters for entrepreneurial firms with strong demands for external knowledge, technology and other resources. This dual need for openness and protection makes it difficult for firms to make comprehensive management decisions when reaching the optimal profit point, so firms must understand the direct relationship between exclusive strategies and open innovation, which also caused scholars to explore the paradox of openness. In fact, the paradox of openness is the conflict and game between core firms and other participants in open innovation activities. The discussion on the relationship between appropriation strategies and open innovation will help to solve the paradox of openness, and provide a decision-making support when firms to weigh "openness" and "protection". Thus, this issue has been the focus of the open innovation research and appropriability literature in the academia.Based on the signaling theory, this paper empirically explored the asymmetric influences of appropriation strategies on formal and informal open innovation, and the moderating role of entrepreneurial orientation. The rationale is that appropriation strategies can be interpreted as signals of quality and protection. Appropriation strategies will fit well with contractual situation, which positively affect potential partners′ willingness to collaborate in formal open innovation activities. However, appropriation strategies will be incompatible with loose and non-contractual exchanges and restrain potential actors′ willingness to engage in informal open innovation activities. Entrepreneurial orientation will thus exert a positive effect on their relationships. To test hypotheses, we use an innovation survey with a sample of 764 manufacturing firms and adopt the negative binomial regression analysis.The findings showed that appropriation strategies have positive influences on formal open innovation, whereas exhibit an inverted U-shaped influence on informal open innovation. These findings demonstrated that there is an asymmetric influences of appropriation strategies on formal and informal open innovation. Entrepreneurial orientation can significantly strengthen the positive influence between appropriation strategies and formal open innovation. It also positively moderates the inverted U-shaped relationship between appropriation strategies and informal open innovation.This paper will contribute to the existing research in two aspects. First, this research will deepen the theoretical explanation of appropriation strategies as signals, and reveal the influence mechanism how appropriability relate to open innovation. Second, this research will introduce entrepreneurial orientation and clarify the boundary condition under which firms are more likely to engage in formal or informal open innovation activities.This paper will also provide some implications for making innovation-related policies. On the one hand, government departments should do a good job in the top-level design of intellectual property protection policies, encourage firms to establish their own intellectual property protection systems, guide enterprises to choose appropriate open innovation forms, and help firms better obtain and utilize external resources. On the other hand, government departments should encourage firms in open innovation activities to build entrepreneurial orientation, and promote continuous open innovation by grasping valuable entrepreneurial opportunities.

导出引用

张慧颖陈玺光李振东. 独占策略对开放式创新的非对称影响研究[J]. 科研管理. 2023, 44(11): 104-113 https://doi.org/10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2023.11.011

Zhang Huiying, Chen Xiguang, Li Zhendong. A study of symmetric influences of appropriation strategies on open innovation[J]. Science Research Management. 2023, 44(11): 104-113 https://doi.org/10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2023.11.011

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基金

国家自然科学基金重大项目：“面向价值创造的平台供应链整合”（72091214，2021.01—2025.12）；国家自然科学基金青年项目：“云资源‘拼凑-协奏’视角下中小企业数字创新平衡及适配机制研究”（72002061，2021.01—2023.12）；国家自然科学基金地区项目：“产品微创新的驱动路径、作用机理及创新绩效研究”（72062011，2021.01—2024.12）。