财政转移支付对区域技术转移的影响研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于1994—2016年中国22个省份的面板数据，分别采用动态面板空间、合成控制法等估计方法，本文开拓性地考察了财政转移支付对区域技术转移的影响。研究发现，财政转移支付对地区技术转移存在显著的积极影响，且其对西部大开发地区的影响效果更加突出；在空间分布上，财政转移支付对技术转移的影响存在空间自相关性，财政转移支付增加会显著提高相邻地区技术转移水平。同时，为了弥补传统计量估计的缺陷，以2000年西部大开发政策为出发点，本文运用合成控制法直观地分析了财政转移支付对区域技术转移的影响。研究表明，在2000年实施西部大开发之后，西部大开发9省份的技术转移较控制组省份的技术转移增长更快，且在2002年后西部大开发9省份的技术转移平均水平超过了控制组省份，说明政府财政转移支付能够有效缓解西部大开发地区与非西部大开发地区技术发展不平衡态势，一定程度促进了西部大开发地区技术转移。西部省区的比较发现，以西部大开发政策为代表的财政转移支付对贵州省、甘肃省的技术转移的促进作用更加明显。

基于1994—2016年中国22个省份的数据，分别采用动态面板空间、合成控制法等计量估计方法，本文系统考察了财政转移支付对区域技术转移的影响。研究发现：（1）财政转移支付对地区技术转移存在显著的促进作用，且其对西部大开发地区的积极影响更加突出。（2）地区空间分布上，财政转移支付对区域技术转移的影响确实存在空间自相关，财政转移支付增加会显著提高相邻地区技术转移水平。（3）在2000年实施西部大开发之后，西部大开发9省份的技术转移较控制组省份的技术转移增长更快，且在2002年后西部大开发9省份的技术转移平均水平超过了控制组省份，说明政府财政转移支付能够有效缓解西部大开发地区与非西部大开发地区技术发展不平衡态势，一定程度促进了西部大开发地区技术转移。（4）地区影响的逐一比较发现，财政转移支付对贵州省、甘肃省的技术转移的提升作用更明显。
根据以上研究结论，得到如下政策启示：（1）加大财政转移支付力度，提高财政资金利用效率，促进区域间技术转移。地方政府需要构建财政转移支付与社会资本相结合的多元化投入格局，充分发挥财政资金对技术转移的引导作用，推进区域间技术市场协同发展；因此，政府应该对西部大开发地区给予更多科技专项资金政策的倾斜，充分发挥财政转移支付资金的作用效果。（2）根据地区技术市场发展情况，制定跨区域技术转移措施。我国区域技术市场发展呈现出“强者愈强，弱者愈弱”的特征，政府应该更加重视地区技术水平的梯度分工，发挥技术发达地区的引领辐射作用，加大对中西部地区技术转移的差异化支持力度，推动技术跨区域转移，实现东中西梯度有序转移的利益分享和合作共赢。（3）优化市场对资源配置的基础作用，建立合理高效的激励机制，优化组合配套政策措施。首先，要充分利用进出口贸易对技术含量高产业的引进作用，推动其成为自主创新技术，增强地区市场竞争能力和发展能力；其次，重视地方政府与金融机构的协同作用，有效建立引导金融支持区域创新的容错机制，协调地方政府部门职能资源，建立区域技术创新的协同发展机制；最后，充分调动地区技术创新积极性，增强区域创新能力。积极引进人才、技术资金等创新因素，形成政府协调优势与企业生产、营销优势互补的格局，构建利益共享、风险共担的科技创新合作长效机制。

关键词: 财政转移支付, 区域技术转移, 西部大开发, 合成控制法

Abstract: As an important medium for innovation activities, technology transfer is an important driving force in the initial stage of technological innovation from external introduction to independent innovation evolution. In the context of the rapid changes in the international technology transfer environment brought about by the "Sino-US trade war" and the greater emphasis on high-quality economic growth and regional coordinated development in the domestic cycle, it is particularly important to fully improve the effectiveness of domestic regional technology transfer activities. In terms of the Ministry of Science and Technology, it shows that the national fiscal expenditure on science and technology was 951.82 billion Yuan in 2018; of which, local fiscal expenditure accounted for 60.7%. Under the long-standing structure of China′s central-local fiscal decentralization system, fiscal transfer payments are an important way to make up for the fiscal gap of local governments and promote the equalization of government public services. Since the important goal of fiscal transfer payment is to balance regional financial resources and narrow the regional economic gap, regional technology transfer is an important driving force to narrow the regional technology gap and promote regional economic integration. Studying the impact of financial transfer payments on regional technology transfer is of great significance for stimulating the vitality of factor markets, accelerating the construction of an innovative country, and the implementation of the strategly of developing the western regions in the new era.
As there is no current research on the impact of fiscal transfer payments on regional technology transfer, the role of government fiscal transfer payments in the context of fiscal decentralization still needs to be explored and expanded. Therefore, based on the panel data of 22 provinces in China from 1994 to 2016, this article regards the implementation of the strategy of developing the western regions in 2000 as a natural experiment in fiscal transfer payments, and uses the synthetic control method to simulate the non-implementation of the policy in other regions. This article comparatively examines the impact of financial transfer payments on regional technology transfer in 9 provinces, including Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Guangxi, which implement the strategy of developing the western regions. This research expands existing research in the following aspects: First, in terms of theoretical mechanism, this paper systematically sorts out the influence mechanism of financial transfer payment on regional technology transfer, expands the existing research framework, and makes up for the existing mechanism analysis Inadequate deficiency; Second, from the perspective of research, the system GMM model and the spatial Dubin model have examined the spatial heterogeneity and spatial interaction between fiscal transfer payments and regional technology transfer, confirming that fiscal transfer payments can promote domestic regional technology transfer. It expands the analytical thinking of existing research; Third, in terms of research methods, this article adopts a more scientific and systematic synthetic control method of quasi-natural experimental estimation, which effectively controls the endogeneity of explanatory variables in previous measurement estimations, and helps resolve contradictions in existing research.
Based on the above research conclusions, the following policy implications are obtained: (1) Increase the intensity of fiscal transfer payments, improve the efficiency of fiscal fund utilization, and promote inter-regional technology transfer. (2) Develop inter-regional technology transfer measures based on the development of regional technology markets. (3) Optimize the basic role of the market in resource allocation, establish a reasonable and efficient incentive mechanism, and optimize the combination of supporting policy measures.

Key words: fiscal transfer payment, regional technology transformation, the strategy of developing the western regions, synthetic control method

毛军李子豪石信秋. 财政转移支付对区域技术转移的影响研究[J]. 科研管理, 2021, 42(1): 88-99.

Mao Jun, Li Zihao, Shi Xinqiu. A research on the impact of financial transfer payment on regional technology transfer[J]. Science Research Management, 2021, 42(1): 88-99.

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