科研组织纵向一体化与科研战略绩效关系研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文运用范围经济理论、资源基础理论和交易成本理论对科研组织的纵向一体化进行了分析和解释。以92所国立科研院所为样本,具体考察了科研组织纵向一体化水平与科研战略绩效的关系。实证研究结果发现:科研组织的纵向一体化能够提高科研组织的科研战略绩效,但是,过高的纵向一体化水平会降低科研战略绩效。该结果对科研组织的科技产业化和组织边界的确定具有重要的启示意义。

关键词: 范围经济, 科研组织, 纵向一体化, 战略绩效, 科研链

Abstract: The vertical integration of scientific research organizations is interpreted by using economies of scope theory, resource-based view, and theory of transaction costs. Based on the analysis, the relationship between vertical integration level of scientific research organizations and research strategic performance is examined according to 92 national research academies and institutions. The empirical result indicates that the vertical integration of scientific research organizations does improve research strategic performance, however, when the degree of vertical integration is too high, it will diminish strategic performance. This result has the important enlightment for high-tech industrialization of scientific research organizations and for defining the organizations boundary.

Key words: economies of scope, scientific research organization, vertical integration, strategic performance, research chain

中图分类号:

F204
G311

谢晔, 霍国庆. 科研组织纵向一体化与科研战略绩效关系研究[J]. 科研管理, 2012, 33(3): 96-104.

Xie Ye, Huo Guoqing. The relationship between vertical integration and research strategic performancein scientific research organizations[J]. Science Research Management, 2012, 33(3): 96-104.

参考文献

[1] Monteverde K., Teece D. Supplier switching costs and vertical integration in the automobile industry[J]. The Bell Journal of Economics,1982,13(1): 206-213. [2] Anderson E., B. Weitz. Make-or-buy decisions: Vertical integration and marketing productivity[J]. Sloan Management Review, 1986, 27(3): 3-19. [3] Muris T., D. Scheffman, P. Spiller. Strategy and transaction Costs: The Organization of distribution in the carbonated soft drink industry[J]. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy,1992,1(1): 83-128. [4] Lafontaine F., M. Slade. Vertical integration and firm boundaries: the evidence[J]. Journal of Economic Literature,2007,45(3): 629-685. [5] Hanson G., R. Mataloni Jr, M. Slaughter. Vertical production networks in multinational firms[J]. Review of Economics and statistics,2005,87(4): 664-678. [6] Brennan T. Why regulated firms should be kept out of unregulated markets: Understanding the divestiture in United States vs. AT&T[J]. Antitrust Bulletin, Fall 1987, 741-793. [7] Williamson O.E. Credible commitments: Using hostages to support exchange[J]. The American Economic Review,1983,73(4): 519-540. [8] Riordan M. Competitive effects of vertical integration[J]. Handbook of Antitrust Economics, 2008, 145-182. [9] Shapiro C. Antitrust economics[J]. California Management Review, 2010, 52(2): 138-146. [10] Swink M., R. Narasimhan, C. Wang. Managing beyond the factory walls: Effects of four types of strategic integration on manufacturing plant performance[J]. Journal of Operations Management, 2007, 25(1): 148-164. [11] Adner R., R. Kapoor. Value creation in innovation ecosystems: How the structure of technological interdependence affects firm performance in new technology generations[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2010, 31(3): p. 306-333. [12] 林淼,苏竣,张雅娴等.技术链、产业链和技术创新链:理论分析与政策含义[J]. 科学学研究,2001,19(4):28-31,36. [13] 中国科学院办公厅. 中国科学院统计年鉴 [M]. 北京:科学出版社,2008. [14] Teece D. Economies of scope and the scope of the enterprise[J]. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization,1980,1: 223-247. [15] Hoskisson R. E., Hitt, M.A. Antecedents and performance outcomes of diversification: A review and critique of theoretical perspectives[J]. Journal of Management,1990,16(2): 461-509. [16] J. C. Panzar, R. D. Willig. Economies of scope[J]. The American Economic Review,1981, 71(2):268-272. [17] Besanko D., Dranove D., Shanley M. etc. Economics of strategy [M], 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2004. [18] Henderson R., Cockburn I. Scale, scope, and spillovers: Determinants of research productivity in the pharmaceutical industry [J]. RAND Journal of Economics, 1996,27(1):32-59. [19] Klette T.J. R&D, scope economies, and plant performance [J]. RAND Journal of Economics,1996,27(3):502-522. [20] Helfat C.E. Know-how and asset complementarity and dynamic capability accumulation: The Case of R&D [J]. Strategic Management Journal, 1997,18(5):339-360. [21] Cassiman B., Colombo MG., Garrone P.,etc. The impact of M&A on the R&D process: An empirical analysis of the role of technological-and market-relatedness [J]. Research Policy, 2005,34(2):195-220. [22] Lokshin B.,Belderbos R., Carree M. The productivity effects of internal and external R&D: Evidence from a dynamic panel data model [J]. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics,70(3):399-413. [23] Chatterjee S.,Wernerfelt B. The link between resources and type of diversification: Theory and evidence [J].Strategic Management Journal, 1991,(12):33-48. [24] Coase R.H. The nature of the firm [J]. Economica,1937,(4):386-405. [25] Rothaermel F.T., Hitt M.A., Jobel A. Balancing vertical integration and strategic outsourcing: Effects on product portfolio, product success, and firm performance [J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2006,27:1033-1056. [26] Chandler A.D., Hikino T. Scale and scope: the dynamics of industrial capitalism [M], Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1994. [27] Williamson O.E. Economics and organization: A primer [J].California Management Review, 1996, 38(2):131-146. [28] Williamson O.E. Strategizing, economizing and economics organization[J].Strategy Management Journal,1991,(12): 75-94. [29] Markides C.C., Williamson P.J. Related diversification, core competences and corporate performance [J]. Strategy Management Journal, 1994(15): 149-165. [30] Collis D.J., Montgomery C.A. Corporate strategy: Resources and the scope of the firm [M].Irwin, 1997. [31] Oster SM. Modern competitive analysis [M]. Oxford University Press, 1998. [32] 张凤,霍国庆. 国家科研机构创新绩效的评价模型 [J].科研管理,2007,28(2):35-42. [33] Weiner N., Mahoney T. A model of corporate performance as a function of environmental, organizational and leadership influences[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1981,24:453-470 [34] Norman, M., B. Stoker. Data envelopment analysis: The assessment of performance[M]. John Wiley & Sons, Inc,1991. [35] Rumelt R. Strategy, structure and performance [M]. Division of Research, Harvard Business School, 1974. [36] Harrigan K.R. Vertical integration and corporate strategy [J]. The Academy of Management Journal, 1985,28(2):397-425. [37] Grove A.S. Only the paranoid survive: How to exploit the crisis points that challenge every company and career [M]. Currency Double day: New York,1996. [38] Rivkin J.W., Porter M.E. Matching Dell . Harvard Business School Case9-799-158,1999. [39] Li MF, Wong YY. Diversification and economic performance:An empirical assessment of Chinese firms [J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 2003, 20:243-265. [40] So /rensen J.B., Stuart T.E. Aging, obsolescence, and organizational innovation [J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 2000,45:81-112. [41] Rothaermel F.T., Deeds D.L. Exploration and exploitation alliances in biotechnology: a system of new product development [J]. Strategic Management Journal,2004,25(3):201-221. [42] 何静. 只有输人(出)的数据包络分析及其应用 [J]. 系统工程学报,1990(2). [43] Hsiao C. Analysis of panel data. 2nd edition [M].Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, U.K,2003. [44] Boyd B.K., Gove S., Hitt M.A. Construct measurement in strategic management research: Illusion or reality[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2005, 26(3):239-257. [45] Cohen P., Cohen J., West S.G., etc. Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences, 3rd edition [M]. Erlbaum: Hillsdale, NJ., 2003. [46] Henderson R., K. Clark. Architectural innovation: the reconfiguration of existing product technologies and the failure of established firms[J]. Administrative science quarterly, 1990, 35(1): 9-30.