随着互联网、信息化、数字化等的发展，商业模式设计成为企业形成可持续竞争力的重要途径。本文运用组态思维与模糊集定性比较分析方法（fsQCA），以“华为离职江湖系列”中的25个案例为研究对象，探究组织层面与离职创业员工个体层面的4个前因条件对离职创业企业商业模式设计的共同影响机制。研究发现，实现效率型商业模式设计的4种组态，以及实现新颖型商业模式设计的唯一组态，其中效率型商业模式设计组态可归纳为先前经验和企业家精神缺乏引致型与企业家精神驱动型两类，而新颖型商业模式设计对离职创业者提出了更高的要求；缺乏先前经验且企业家精神相对较弱的离职创业者更倾向于选择效率型商业模式设计；知识惯性在商业模式设计过程中发挥着不容忽视的作用。
Abstract
In the era of "mass entrepreneurship and innovation", lots of employees separated from large companies, such as Tencent, Huawei and Alibaba, to establish businesses, and the phenomenon is common in China. With the rapid development of "internet+" and digitization, business model design has become a vital approach to the company′s sustainable advantage. Then, how do the characteristics and peculiarity of separated employee entrepreneurs affect the business model design of their enterprises? The solution of this issue can help entrepreneurs to design appropriate business models and achieve enterprises′ sustainable development.
As one of the destinations of separated employees, employee entrepreneurship has aroused the organizational behavior and entrepreneurship in which the researchers are interested. However, after literature review, we find that there are few studies explaining the mechanism between entrepreneur and their enterprise′s business model design, even the business model. The business model design can be divided to two types, novelty-centered and efficiency-centered. Compared with other entrepreneurs, the special features of separated employee are their previous experiences and the corporate culture of the original company. Besides, the entrepreneurial traits can be generalized to entrepreneurial cognition and entrepreneurship. All of them can influence separated employee′s choice to business model design. As the main body of enterprise′s decision maker, it is often difficult to effectively interpret the mechanism of how decision-makers affect the business model design that exploring single variable′s influence to business model design. Meanwhile, there is a shortage of an in-depth discussion of the synergies between the multiple factors that more fully embody the overall characteristics of entrepreneurs and different business model design.
Therefore, based on configuration mindset, by using the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method, and taking 25 cases of complicated human society established by Huawei′s separated employees as the sample, the study explores the path and mechanism of the influence of the four preceding conditions on business model design. Specifically, first of all, the study finds that there are four critical paths to realize the efficiency-centered business model design, and only one critical path to realize the novelty-centered business model design. The configuration of efficient-centered business model design can be classified into two types: the one lacking previous experiences and entrepreneurship and the other driven by entrepreneurship. Secondly, this study finds that compared with efficient-centered business model design, novelty business model design puts forward higher requirements for departing entrepreneurs. Thirdly, the separated entrepreneurs who lack previous experience and have weak entrepreneurship are more inclined to design efficient business model. Finally, based on knowledge inertia theory, it is proved that knowledge inertia plays an important role in business model design. On the basis of enriching the research on separated employee entrepreneurship, this study can provide reference for the separated employee who wonder to start up business about the business model design.
Keywords:
关键词
离职创业 /
商业模式设计 /
组态 /
模糊集定性比较研究
Key words
venture company established by separated employees /
business model design /
configuration /
fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA)
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基金
国家自然科学基金重大项目：“大型企业创新驱动的创业研究”（72091311，2021.01—2025.12）；国家自然科学基金面上项目：“新创企业商业模式设计、形成及绩效影响：整合的学习机制研究”(71672101，2017.01—2020.12)。
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