比较优势理论在区域经济分析中的应用由来已久，然而非议颇多。这不仅是因为比较优势的概念定义和识别路径存在混淆，而且数据的可获性问题导致实证检验被长期搁置。本文建立显示性比较优势、潜在比较优势作用机制的实证分析框架，并基于两个时期我国区域制造业比较优势的时空演变进行空间计量检验。结果表明，技术水平、要素禀赋、规模经济、集聚效应、制度因素都是区域制造业显示性比较优势的重要来源。本文的启示在于，区域经济发展的比较优势战略并不应该排斥外生、内生多种因素的作用，比较优势产业发展的动力机制其实是多元的，不应当独尊一术。

Comparative Advantage Theory has been controversial for its confused definition and identification path and lack of empirical tests. This paper analyzes mechanisms of revealed and potential comparative advantage, and conducts spatial econometrics test based on space-time evolvement of comparative advantages of regional manufacturing industries. The results indicate that technology, factor endowment, scale economy, agglomeration effects and institutional factors are sources of revealed comparative advantage. Therefore, comparative advantage strategy of regional economy development should not exclude the impacts of multi-factor, and the driving mechanism is diverse instead of exclusive.