中国博士后科学基金是中国博士后制度的重要组成部分，自1985年设立以来，已成为中央财政资助博士后科研工作的主渠道之一。本文在系统分析中国博士后科学基金绩效评估需求和绩效特征的基础上，基于循证设计理论研究构建了中国博士后科学基金整体资助与管理绩效评估框架以及项目绩效评估指标体系，首次开展了针对近年来中国博士后科学基金资助项目的绩效评估实证研究，研究结果表明中国博士后科学基金初步形成了较完整的资助体系、促进了高层次创新型青年人才成长和创新性研究成果的取得，最后从改进基金资助模式和资助类型方面提出了政策建议。

Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation (CPSF) is an important part of Chinese Postdoctoral System. It has become one significant source of research fund from central government for postdoctoral researchers since it was established in 1985. Based on the performance evaluation of CPSF’s requirement and characteristics, an evidence based evaluation design approach of CPSF’s funding and management performance evaluation framework is proposed. It also construct the CPSF’s program evaluation index system. Then it does performance evaluation empirical research on CPSF for the first time. All finding indicates that CPSF has formed complete funding system. CPSF plays an important role in cultivate high-level talents and achieve scientific creativities. Finally this paper puts forward some policy proposals on funding mode and type.