网络位置、知识转移对集群企业竞争优势的影响——一项基于对温州乐清低压电器产业集群的实证研究

科研管理 ›› 2013, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (12): 48-57.

网络位置、知识转移对集群企业竞争优势的影响——一项基于对温州乐清低压电器产业集群的实证研究

吴福象¹, 蒋天颖^1,2, 孙伟²

1. 南京大学经济学院, 江苏南京 210093;
2. 浙江工业大学经贸管理学院, 浙江杭州 310023

收稿日期:2012-05-02 修回日期:2012-10-24 出版日期:2013-12-17 发布日期:2013-12-17
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金“社会网络与中小企业技术创新动态耦合研究：基于网络嵌入与技术学习的视角”（项目批准号：71002075）；国家自然科学基金“基于动态DCI 和CGE 分析技术的区域一体化与福利补偿研究”（项目批准号：71173101）；浙江省社科规划重点课题“基于社会网络嵌入的中小企业技术创新动态演进机理研究”（项目编号：12JCGL02Z）。

Impact of network site and knowledge transfer on competitive advantages of cluster enterprises—An empirical study on Wenzhou Leqing Low-voltage Electrical Industry Cluster

Wu Fuxiang¹, Jiang Tianying^1,2, Sun Wei²

1. School of Economics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, China;
2. College of Economy and Management, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China

Received:2012-05-02 Revised:2012-10-24 Online:2013-12-17 Published:2013-12-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 应用社会网络分析理论，分析了温州乐清低压电器产业集群创新网络结构，实证探讨了网络位置、知识转移对集群企业竞争优势的影响机制，并选取集群内企业作了进一步比较和验证。研究结果表明，网络位置对知识转移、组织创新和竞争优势均产生显著正向影响；知识转移正向影响组织创新和竞争优势；组织创新对集群企业竞争优势具有显著正向影响。研究还提出了提升温州乐清低压电器产业集群企业组织创新竞争优势的政策建议。

关键词: 网络位置, 知识转移, 组织创新, 竞争优势

Abstract: Based on the social network analysis theory, the paper analyses the innovation network structure of Wenzhou Leqing Low-Voltage Electrical Industry Cluster, and explores the influence mechanism of network site and knowledge transfer on the competitive advantages of cluster enterprises. Furthermore, the paper selects representative enterprises for further comparison and verification. The results demonstrate that network site has a significantly positive effect on knowledge transfer, organizational innovation and competitive advantages; knowledge transfer affects positively organizational innovation and competitive advantages; and the organizational innovation has a positive impact on the competitive advantages of the cluster enterprises. In addition, the paper also puts forward some countermeasures to promote the organizational innovation and competitive advantages of Wenzhou Leqing Low-Voltage Electrical Industry Cluster.

Key words: Network site, knowledge transfer, organizational innovation, competitive advantages

中图分类号:

F270

吴福象, 蒋天颖, 孙伟. 网络位置、知识转移对集群企业竞争优势的影响——一项基于对温州乐清低压电器产业集群的实证研究[J]. 科研管理, 2013, 34(12): 48-57.

Wu Fuxiang, Jiang Tianying, Sun Wei. Impact of network site and knowledge transfer on competitive advantages of cluster enterprises—An empirical study on Wenzhou Leqing Low-voltage Electrical Industry Cluster[J]. Science Research Management, 2013, 34(12): 48-57.

参考文献

[1] Yang Xu, Bernard, A. Quantifying The Value of Knowledge within The Context of Product Development[J].Knowledge-Based Systems, 2011, 24(7):1108-1119.
[2] Escribano, A., Fosfuri, A., Tribo, J. A. Managing External Knowledge Flows: The Moderating Role of Absorptive Capacity[J]. Research Policy, 2009, 38(1):425-443.
[3] 简兆权, 刘荣, 招丽珠. 网络关系、信任与知识共享对技术创新绩效的影响研究[J]. 研究与发展管理, 2010, 22(2): 64-71.
[4] Whittington, K. B., Owen-Smith, J., & Powell, W.W. Networks, Propinquity, and Innovation in Knowledge-intensive Industries[J].Administrative Science Quarterly, 2009, 54(1):90-122.
[5] Stewart Thornhill. Knowledge, Innovation and Firm Performance in High-and Low-Technology Regimes[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2006, 21(5):687-703.
[6] Marion Frenz, Grazia letto-Gillies. The Impact on Innovation Performance of Ddifferent Sources of Knowledge: Evidence from the UK Community Innovation Survey[J]. Research Policy, 2009, 38(7):1125-1135.
[7] Gilbert, B., McDougall, P. & Audretsch, D. Clusters, Knowledge Spillovers and New Venture Performance: An Empirical Examination[J].Journal of Business Venturing, 2008, 23(4):405-422.
[8] 邹艳, 王晓新, 叶金福. 共建模式下企业合作创新知识转移影响因素的实证研究[J]. 科学学研究, 2009, 27(4):616-621.
[9] Burt, R. Structural Holes and Good Ideas[J].American Journal of Sociology, 2004, 110(2):349-399.
[10] Malhotra, A., Gosain, S. Leveraging Standard Electronic Business Interfaces to Enable Adaptive Supply Chain Partnerships[J]. Information Systems Research, 2007 (3): 260-279.
[11] 吴冰, 刘仲英. 供应链协同知识创新的决策研究[J]. 同济大学学报, 2009, 37(7): 1277-1280.
[12] 申小莉.创新网络中知识转移的影响因素研究——基于中小企业实证样本的分析[J].科学学研究, 2011, 29(3): 432-442.
[13] 曹兴, 宋娟. 技术联盟知识转移影响因素的实证分析[J]. 科研管理, 2011, 32(2):1-9.
[14] 卢福财, 周鹏. 外部网络化与企业组织创新[J]. 中国工业经济, 2004(2):101-106.
[15] 黄中伟. 基于网络结构的产业集群创新机制和绩效分析[J]. 宁波大学学报, 2004(3):94-98.
[16] Schilling, M., Cpjelps, C. Interfirm Collaboration Networks: The Impact of Large-scale Network Structure on Firm Innovation[J]. Management Science, 2007, 53 (7):1113-1126.
[17] Hossain, L., Fazio, D. The Social Networks of Collaborative Process[J].The Journal of Technology Management Research, 2009, 20(2):119-130.
[18] Chai, K. H., Chee-meng Yang, Xiao-yang Wang. Network Closure's Impact on Firms' Competitive Advantage: The Mediating Roles of Knowledge Process[J].Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 2011, 28(1-2):2-22.
[19] Hung, H. M., Se-hwa Wu, Chao-tung Wen, Feng-shang Wu. Competitive Advantages of Managing An Effective Social Network Structure to Stimulate Innovation from a Knowledge Management Perspective[J]. International Journal of Technology Management, 2008, 43 (4):363-382.
[20] Lin, J. L., Fang, S. C., Tsai, F. S. Network Embeddedness and Technology Transfer Performance in R&D Consortia in Taiwan[J].Technovation, 2009, 29(11): 763-774.
[21] 钱锡红, 徐万里, 杨永福. 企业网络位置、间接联系与创新绩效[J]. 中国工业经济, 2010(2):78-88.
[22] Christian R. Knowledge Flows through Social Network in a Cluster: Comparing University and Industry Links[J]. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2009, 20(3):196-210.
[23] 曾萍, 邓腾智, 曾雄波. IT基础、知识共享与组织创新——来自珠三角企业的经验证据[J]. 科学学研究, 2011, 29(11):1696-1708.
[24] 张刚, 王宇峰. 知识集聚与不确定环境下技术创新的影响机制[J]. 科学学研究, 2011, 29(12):1895-1905.
[25] O'Mahony, M., Vecchi, M. R&D, Knowledge Spillovers and Company Productivity Performance[J]. Research Policy, 2009, 38(1):35-44.
[26] 陈力, 鲁若愚. 企业知识整合研究[J]. 科研管理, 2003, 24(3): 32-38.
[27] 陈晓静. 公司能力提升对公司核心竞争力形成影响的实证研究—基于知识创新视角[J]. 研究与发展管理, 2008, 20(5): 52-58.
[28] Simona, I., McCann, P. The Structure and Evolution of Industrial Clusters: Transactions, Technology and Knowledge Spillovers[J]. Research Policy, 2006, 35(3): 1018-1036.
[29] Michael D., Konig, S., Battiston, M., Napoletano, F. Schweitzer. Recombinant Knowledge and the Evolution of Innovation Networks[J]. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2011, 79(3):145-164.
[30] 王玉荣, 杨震宁, 李军. 竞争环境和技术战略对制造业创新绩效的影响[J]. 科研管理, 2011, 32(7):25-34.
[31] 王庆喜, 秦辉. 技术创新能力与民营企业竞争优势的实证分析[J]. 科学学研究, 2007, 25(12):460-464.
[32] 张韬. 基于吸收能力的创新能力与竞争优势关系研究[J]. 科学学研究, 2009, 27(3): 445-452.
[33] Burt, R. S. Structural Holes: T he Social Structure of Competition[M]. Harvard University Press: Cambridge, M A, 1992.
[34] 罗家德.社会网络分析讲义[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社, 2010.
[35] Simonin B L. Transfer of marking knowledge-how in international strategic alliances an empirical investigation of the role and an tecedents of knowledge ambiguity[J]. Journal of International Business Studies, 1999, 30(3):463-490.
[36] 许庆瑞, 陈劲, 郑刚. 21世纪的全面创新管理[J]. 国际学术动态, 2005(4): 20-21.
[37] 谢洪明, 刘常勇, 陈春辉. 市场导向与组织绩效的关系: 组织学习与创新的影响——珠三角地区企业的实证研究[J]. 管理世界, 2006 (2): 80-95.
[38] Luo, X., Grifith, D. A., Liu, S. S., et al. The Effects of Customer Relationships and Social Capital on Firm Performance: A Chinese Business lustration[J]. Journal of International Marketing, 2004, 12(4): 25-45
[39] Carlos, F. G., Mahmoud, M. Y. & Lisboa, J. V. An Empirical Investigation of Manufacturing Performance Measures Utilization: The Perspectives of Executives and Financial Analysts[J]. International Journal of Productivity & Performance Management, 2007, 56(3): 187-204
[40] Hendricks, K. B., Singhal, V. R. & Stratman, J. K. The Impact of Enterprise Systems on Corporate Performance: A Study of Erp, Scm, and Crm System Implementations[J]. Journal of Operations Management, 2007, 25(1): 65-82
[41] 张方华.网络嵌入影响企业创新绩效的概念模型与实证分析[J].中国工业经济, 2010, 4: 110-119.