区域软环境、企业家能力与中小企业绩效

科研管理 ›› 2012, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 68-77.

区域软环境、企业家能力与中小企业绩效

于东平¹, 段万春²

1. 云南财经大学国际工商学院,云南昆明 650221;
2. 昆明理工大学管理与经济学院,云南昆明 650093

收稿日期:2011-12-31 修回日期:2012-08-25 出版日期:2012-12-27 发布日期:2012-12-17
基金资助:
教育部人文社会科学研究西部和边疆地区项目"欠发达地区人力资本空间网络结构合理布局优化研究-以云南省人力资本结构优化为例"(10XJA630002)(2010-11-30至2013-12-31)。

Regional soft environment, entrepreneurial competence, and SME performance

Yu Dongping¹, Duan Wanchun²

1. School of International Business, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming 650221, China;
2. School of Management and Economics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China

Received:2011-12-31 Revised:2012-08-25 Online:2012-12-27 Published:2012-12-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为有效阐释"为何学界所认知的显著关系及政界为营造良好外部环境所付出的诸多努力在中小企业实践中未能得以体现"问题,论文基于内外部要素相结合的全新视角,运用问卷调查的实证方法,提出并检验了考虑企业家能力中介作用的区域软环境与中小企业绩效关系假设。结果显示:区域软环境对中小企业绩效(无论是总绩效,还是长、短期绩效)具有显著的正向直接影响作用,但各环境要素的短期影响作用则并不显著,这表明区域软环境建设是一项长期工程,其对中小企业绩效具有深远影响;此外,企业家能力在区域软环境与短期(长期)绩效关系间起完全(部分)中介作用,这表明企业家能力的大小会直接影响区域软环境建设效果的转化。

关键词: 区域软环境, 中小企业绩效, 企业家能力

Abstract: To address the question about why the significant relationship recognized by the academics and the development of external environment by government is unable to be embodied in the SMEs practices, by standing on a new view of the combination of external and internal factors, the mediative role of entrepreneurial competence in the relationship between regional soft environment and SMEs performance is proposed and examined through an empirical method. The findings show that regional soft environment has a significantly positive effect on SMEs performance, however all of its elements do not have such effect on SMEs short term performance, which suggest that the construction of regional soft environment is a long term project, and it has a far-reaching influence on SMEs performance; Meanwhile, entrepreneurial competence plays a full mediative role in the relationship between regional soft environment and SMEs short term performance, and plays a partial mediative role in the relationship between regional soft environment and SMEs long term performance, it is indicates that entrepreneurial competence could directly influence the transformation of regional soft environment achievements.

Key words: regional soft environment, SME performance, entrepreneurial competence

中图分类号:

F272.92

于东平, 段万春. 区域软环境、企业家能力与中小企业绩效[J]. 科研管理, 2012, 33(12): 68-77.

Yu Dongping, Duan Wanchun. Regional soft environment, entrepreneurial competence, and SME performance[J]. Science Research Management, 2012, 33(12): 68-77.

参考文献

[1] Forsman, H. Business development success in SMEs: A case study approach[J]. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 2008, 15(3): 606-622.
[2] Teng, H. S. S., Bhatia, G. S., Anwar, S. A success versus failure prediction model for small businesses in Singapore[J]. American Journal of Business, 2011, 26(1): 50-64.
[3] Lee, H., Kelley, D., Lee, J., Lee, S. SME survival: The impact of internationalization, technology resources, and alliances[J]. Journal of Small Business Management, 2012, 50(1): 1-19.
[4] 孙早, 刘庆岩. 市场环境、企业家能力与企业绩效[J]. 经济学家, 2006, 18(4): 110-117.
[5] Peng, M. W. Institutional change and strategic choices[J]. The Academy of Management Review, 2003, 28(2): 275-296.
[6] 伍蓓, 陈劲, 吴增源. 环境动态性对研发外包强度与企业绩效关系的调节效应研究[J]. 科研管理, 2010, 31(4): 23-30.
[7] 罗党论, 唐清泉. 中国民营上市公司制度环境与绩效问题研究[J]. 经济研究, 2009, 55(2): 106-118.
[8] Hall, G. C., Hutchinson, P. J., Michaelas, N. Determinants of capital structures of European SMEs[J]. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 2004, 31(5): 711-728
[9] Nguyen, T. H., Alam, Q., Prajogo, D., Duong, A. N. The importance of the State's entrepreneurial role, business support services, and technological assistances to the development of Vietnamese SMEs[J]. International Business Research, 2008, 4(1): 3-9.
[10] Habib, M., Zurawicki, L. Corruption and foreign direct investment[J]. Journal of International Business Studies, 2002, 33(2): 291-307.
[11] Fisman, R., Svensson, J. Are corruption and taxation really harmful to growth? Firm level evidence[J]. Journal of Development Economics, 2007, 83(1): 63-75.
[12] Nguyen, T. T., van Dijk, M. A. Corruption and growth: Private vs. state-owned firms in Vietnam[J]. In Press, 2008, 1-46.
[13] Nguyen, T. H., Alam, Q., Prajogo, D. Public policy for the development of private sector and SMEs in a socialist market economy[J]. Journal of Academic Research in Economics, 2009, 1(1): 79-92.
[14] Ha, T. T., Swierczek, F. W. Motivation, entrepreneurship and the performance of SMEs in Vietnam[J]. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 2003, 11(3): 47-68.
[15] Standish-Kuon, T., Rice, M. Introducing engineering and science students to entrepreneurship: Models and influential factors at six American universities[J]. Journal of Engineering Education, 2002, 91(1): 33-39.
[16] Orlitzky, M., Schmidt, F., Rynes, S. Corporate social and financial performance: A meta analysis[J]. Organization Studies, 2003, 24(3): 403-441.
[17] Fabrizio, K. R. The Use of University Research in Firm Innovation. In Vanhaverbeke W& West J(Eds.), Open Innovation: Researching A New Paradigm. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2006.
[18] Beck, T., Kunt, A. D., Levine, R. SMEs growth and poverty: Cross-country evidence[J]. Journal of Economic Growth, 2005, 10(3): 197-227.
[19] Zia, B. H. Export incentives, financial constraints, and the (mis) allocation of credit: Micro-level evidence from subsidized export loans[J]. Journal of financial economics, 2008, 87(2): 498-527.
[20] Man, T., Lau, T., Chan, K. F. The competitiveness of small and medium enterprises: A conceptualization with focus on entrepreneurial competencies[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2002, 17(2): 123-142.
[21] Sparrow, P. R., Hodgkinson, G. P. What is strategic competence and does it matter? Exposition of the concept and a research agenda[J]. NY: CAHRS Working Paper Series, 2006.
[22] Edelman, L. F., Brush, C. G., Manolova, T. Co-alignment in the resource-performance relationship, strategy as mediator[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2005, 20(3): 359-383.
[23] Brice, J. J., Spencer, B. Entrepreneurial profiling: A decision policy analysis of the influence of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intent[J]. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 2007, 13(2): 47-67.
[24] Muzychenko, O., Saee, J. Cross cultural professional competence in higher education[J]. Journal of Management Systems, 2004, 16(4): 1-9.
[25] Rauch, A., Wiklund, J., Lumpkin, G. T., Frese, M. Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Performance: Cumulative Empirical Evidence. Paper presented at the 23rd Babson College Entrepreneurship Research Conference. UK: Glasgow, 2004.
[26] Ahmad, N. H. A Cross Cultural Study of Entrepreneurial Competencies and Entrepreneurial Success in SMEs in Australia and Malaysia. Austraua: The University of Adelaide, 2007.
[27] Sambasivan, M., Abdul, M., Yusop, Y. Impact of personal qualities and management skills of entrepreneurs on venture performance in Malaysia: Opportunity recognition skills as a mediating factor[J]. Technovation, 2009, 29 (2):798-805.
[28] irec, K., Brada, B. How does networking impact the SMEs growth[J]. Organizacija, 2009, 42(2): 59-66.
[29] Rudez, H., Mihalic, T. Intellectual capital in the hotel industry: A case study from Slovenia[J]. Hospital Management, 2007, 26(2): 188-199.
[30] Kiggundu, M. N. Entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship in Africa: What is known and what needs to be done[J]. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 2002, 7(3): 239-258.
[31] Ward, A. Enterprise skills and enterprise learning[J]. Foresight, 2004, 6(2): 104-109.
[32] Priyanto, S. H., Sandjojo, I. Relationship between entrepreneurial learning, entrepreneurial competencies and venture success: Empirical study on SMEs[J]. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 2005, 5(5-6): 454-468.
[33] 范钧. 区域软环境对中小企业竞争优势要素作用机制的实证研究-以浙江制造业为例[J]. 科研管理, 2010, 31(2): 105-113.
[34] 买忆媛, 甘智龙. 我国典型地区创业环境对创业机会与创业能力实现的影响-基于GEM数据的实证研究[J]. 管理学报, 2008, 5(2): 274-278.
[35] Keh, H. T., Nguyen, T. T. M., Ng, H. P. The effects of entrepreneurial orientation and marketing information on the performance of SMEs[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2007, 22(2): 592-611.
[36] 杨鑫, 金占明. 从个体特征到企业绩效-战略管理研究路径解析[J]. 管理学报, 2011, 8(2): 220-225.
[37] 王铁男, 陈涛, 贾榕霞. 组织学习、战略柔性对企业绩效影响的实证研究[J]. 管理科学学报, 2010, 13(7): 42-59.
[38] Easterly-Smith, M., Crossan, M. M., Nicolini, D. Organizational learning: Debates past, present and future[J]. Journal of Management Studies, 2000, 37(6): 783-796.
[39] 温忠麟, 张雷, 侯杰泰等. 中介效应检验程序及其应用[J]. 心理学报, 2004, 36(5): 614-620.