摘要：一般的生产活动往往同时具有期望和非期望（主要是环境污染物）两类产出，考虑到非期望产出具有的弱可处置特性，本文利用环境生产技术建立了不同环境规制下的成本测算模型，并以我国28个省区的面板数据为样本研究了二氧化碳的规制成本问题。实证结果表明：总体上，二氧化碳严格规制下的成本明显大于一般规制时的成本；辽宁和福建等省区更适合于严格的环境规制政策，甘肃和陕西等省区则更倾向于一般的环境规制政策；二氧化碳的规制成本大致会随着地区经济规模的扩大而有所降低，较高的二氧化碳强度则会导致规制成本的上升。

Abstract： Desirable outputs and undesirable outputs, e.g. pollutants, are both produced in the production activities. Some regulatory cost models with different environmental regulations are established based on environmental production technology. Using the panel data regarding carbon dioxide as the undesirable output in China, some results are obtained: the cost under stringent regulatory is much higher than the cost of general regulatory on the whole; some provinces, such as Liaoning and Fujian, are suitable for the stringent environmental regulation policies and some provinces, such as Gansu and Shanxi, are inclined to the policies of general environmental regulation; the regulatory cost of carbon dioxide is the negative correlatied with economic scale and the positive correlatied with carbon dioxide intensity.