科研管理

科研管理 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (1): 11-24.DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2026.01.002

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

数据价值的基本问题：文献回顾与研究展望

秦浩朗1，肖延高1，汤艽东1，李代天1,2，刘雨霖1    

  1. 1.电子科技大学经济与管理学院，四川 成都611731；
    2.清华大学中国科技政策研究中心，北京100084
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-30 修回日期:2025-11-25 接受日期:2025-11-25 出版日期:2026-01-20 发布日期:2026-01-12
  • 通讯作者: 肖延高
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重点项目：“数据价值系统的运行机理与实现机制研究”(24AGL011)。

Fundamental issues of data value: A literature review and research prospects

Qin Haolang1, Xiao Yangao1, Tang Jiaodong1, Li Daitian1,2, Liu Yulin1

  1. 1.School of Management and Economics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China; 
    2. China Institute for Science and Technology Policy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

  • Received:2025-07-30 Revised:2025-11-25 Accepted:2025-11-25 Online:2026-01-20 Published:2026-01-12

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摘要：    实现数据要素的价值，是数字经济时代企业发展的重要理论命题和迫切实践诉求。本文系统梳理1991—2024年管理学和法学领域的数据价值文献，运用扎根理论进行编码设计，凝练出数据价值的三个基本问题，即哪些数据有价值？数据有哪些价值？如何实现数据价值？分别对应数据的价值属性、价值内容和价值实现。研究表明：（1）数据的特有价值属性表现为本质上的非物质性，以及由此衍生出的固有属性，包括技术上的可复用性、经济上的规模报酬递增性和权利上的有限排他性。（2）数据价值内容包括经济价值、社会价值和政治价值，从数据主体即数据经营者、数据提供者和数据治理者角度来看，价值目标分别是提高生产效率、实现数字公平和保障数据安全。（3）数据价值实现机制主要包括价值创造、流通和分配等环节，数据价值创造以数据标准化为基石，具体包括数据资产化、产品化和资本化，数据价值流通亟待破解定价难题，有序开展数据交易、开放和共享，通过数据价值的初次分配和再分配，促进生产效率的提升和数据公平的实现。最后，围绕数据价值系统运行机理和实现机制的理论与方法给出了未来研究方向。

关键词: 数据价值, 价值属性, 价值内容, 价值实现

Abstract:   Realizing the value of data elements constitutes both a significant theoretical issue and an urgent practical demand for enterprise development in the digital economy era. This study systematically reviewed the literature on data value published between 1991 and 2024 in the fields of management and law. Drawing on the grounded theory for data coding, it distilled three fundamental questions of data value: which categories of data are of value? What forms of value can be derived from data? How is the value of data realized? The three issues respectively correspond to the value attributes of data, contents of data value, and the mechanisms by which that value is realized. The research indicated that: (1) The value attributes of data manifest as inherent intangibility, technical reusability, increasing returns to scale in economic terms, and limited exclusivity of rights; (2) The value of data encompasses economic, social, and political dimensions. From the perspectives of data stakeholders, namely data operators, data providers, and data governors, their respective value objectives are to enhance productive efficiency, achieve digital equity, and ensure data security; (3) The mechanism for realizing data value primarily encompasses the stages of value creation, value circulation, and value distribution. Data value creation is fundamentally grounded in data standardization, which specifically includes the assetization, productization, and capitalization of data. The circulation of data value faces pressing challenges in pricing, necessitating the orderly advancement of data trading, openness, and sharing. Through initial allocation and subsequent redistribution of data value, improvements in economic efficiency and the realization of social equity can be promoted. Finally, the paper outlined prospective research directions concerning the theoretical frameworks and methodologies underlying the systemic operation and realization mechanisms of data value.

Key words: data value, value attribute, value content, value realization