科学家作为发明人：离群创新的来源、新颖性及扩散

doi:10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.03.004

科研管理 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 38-47.DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.03.004

科学家作为发明人：离群创新的来源、新颖性及扩散

韩令晖^1,2，陈劲¹，李习保¹

1.清华大学经济管理学院，北京 100084;
2.杭州电子科技大学管理学院，浙江杭州310018

收稿日期:2024-03-20 修回日期:2025-01-11 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-03-10
通讯作者: 陈劲
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金重大项目：“打赢关键核心技术攻坚战的目标、主攻方向与对策研究”（23ZDA062，2023.06—2025.06）。

University scientists as inventors: The sources, novelty and diffusion of outlier innovations

Han Linghui^1,2, Chen Jin¹, Li Xibao¹

1. School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
2. School of Management, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China

Received:2024-03-20 Revised:2025-01-11 Online:2025-03-20 Published:2025-03-10
Contact: chen jin

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在加快实现科技自立自强的关键时期，离群创新作为突破性技术创新的关键来源，对提升原始创新能力、引领产业变革发展具有战略意义。尽管科学家在创新活动中扮演着关键角色，但关于科学家作为发明人的创新行为，特别是其离群创新的研究仍然不足。本文基于1993—2018年的中国专利数据，采用技术分类组合构建技术地形空间（technological landscape）以识别离群创新，并运用Logit和Negative Binomial回归分析科学家离群创新的来源、新颖性及扩散。研究发现：1）相比一般发明人，具有研究型大学科学家背景的发明人在搜索和生成离群创新方面表现出显著优势；2）在创新产出的特征维度上，科学家发明人所发现的离群创新表现出更高程度的技术新颖性；3）尽管科学家发明人在搜索和生成离群创新方面具有优势，但其创新成果在后续扩散过程中面临更大挑战，获得其他发明人认可的难度相对更高。本文的研究结论拓展了离群创新相关理论，深化了已有文献对科学与技术创新关系的认知，并为促进基础研究向创新成果转化提供了理论支撑，对我国加快实现高水平科技自立自强具有重要启示。

关键词: 科学家创新, 离群创新, 科学技术关联性, 技术新颖性

Abstract: As nations strive for scientific and technological autonomy, outlier innovations have emerged as a critical driver of breakthrough technologies and industrial transformation. While scientists are key contributors to innovation, their role as inventors—particularly in generating outlier innovations—remains understudied. This study examined university scientists′ outlier innovations by using Chinese patent data from 1993 to 2018. By constructing a technological landscape through patent classification analysis and employing Logit and Negative Binomial regression models, we investigated the emergence, characteristics, and diffusion patterns of scientists′ outlier innovations. Our research made three theoretical contributions: first, we demonstrated how scientific knowledge and research expertise facilitate the discovery of outlier innovations within the technological landscape; second, we revealed how the fundamental nature of scientific research shapes the novelty of these innovations; and third, we identified the barriers in translating scientific breakthroughs into technological applications. Our findings indicated that university scientists are more likely to generate outlier innovations compared to other inventors, and their innovations demonstrate higher novelty but face greater challenges in gaining widespread adoption. These insights have advanced our understanding of outlier innovations and the science-technology interface, while offering valuable implications for bridging the gap between basic research and technological innovation, particularly for China′s pursuit of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance.

Key words: scientist innovation, outlier innovation, science technology link, innovation novelty

韩令晖陈劲李习保. 科学家作为发明人：离群创新的来源、新颖性及扩散[J]. 科研管理, 2025, 46(3): 38-47.

Han Linghui, Chen Jin, Li Xibao. University scientists as inventors: The sources, novelty and diffusion of outlier innovations[J]. Science Research Management, 2025, 46(3): 38-47.

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科学家作为发明人：离群创新的来源、新颖性及扩散

University scientists as inventors: The sources, novelty and diffusion of outlier innovations

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