科学家在公共研发计划决策过程中的作用—以三大国家科技计划为例

科研管理 ›› 2014, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 118-127.

科学家在公共研发计划决策过程中的作用—以三大国家科技计划为例

智强, 杨英

中央财经大学, 北京 100081

收稿日期:2013-06-01 修回日期:2013-12-25 出版日期:2014-05-25 发布日期:2014-05-21
作者简介:智强（1983-），男（汉），陕西大荔县人，中央财经大学政府管理学院讲师，研究方向：创新政策、政策过程。
杨英（1991-），女（汉），天津宝坻区人，中央财经大学政府管理学院本科生，研究方向：公共政策。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金“基于若干领域政策实践的中国公共决策模式及其现代化路径研究”（批准号：71233005）；“对中国公共财政研发计划组织管理的评估研究”（批准号：71350003）；“中国科技决策中的政府官员与科学家关系研究：基于知识与价值的理论构建和实证研究”（批准号：71003062）。

The role of scientists in decision making process of research and development programs-Acasestudy of China’s three key national science and technology programs

Zhi Qiang, Yang Ying

Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2013-06-01 Revised:2013-12-25 Online:2014-05-25 Published:2014-05-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过研究过去三十年间科学家在我国三大国家科技计划——支撑计划、863计划、973计划政策过程中的作用变迁，本文从自治水平和权力授予两个维度区分了决策过程中科学家的六种角色。研究采用量化描述与案例分析相结合的方法，揭示了科技计划决策中的科学家角色变迁，并解释国家科技战略、科学家角色及科技计划产出之间的互动关系。研究发现，国家战略重点转变中的增量部分影响了行政部门在决策结构上对科学家角色的调整，并得到了科技计划产出的快速相应。这种变化在响应增量的同时却在一定程度上忽略了长期目标。本文最后提出了我国创新驱动战略下完善科技计划决策机制的政策建议。

关键词: 国家科技计划, 决策过程, 科学家

Abstract: By studying the evolutionary role of scientists in the decision making process of three key National Science and Technology Programs: the Zhicheng Program, the 863 Program, and the 973 Programsin the past 30 years, we classify the role of the non-government scientists over time into six categories based on the dichotomyof political authority and scientific autonomy. We use quantitative metrics and qualitative cases to reveal the evolutionary role of scientists and its interaction with national science and technology strategy, and program outputs.Our study found out that theincremental changes in national strategic prioritiesinfluenced the institutional setting of scientists in decision-makingand led to a fast correspondenceby program outputs. However, this mayignores some long-term goals. Finally, this study suggests a few ways of improving the decision-making mechanismunder the circumstances of the innovation-driven strategy.

Key words: National Science and Technology Programs, decision-making progress, scientists

中图分类号:

C934

智强, 杨英. 科学家在公共研发计划决策过程中的作用—以三大国家科技计划为例[J]. 科研管理, 2014, 35(5): 118-127.

Zhi Qiang, Yang Ying. The role of scientists in decision making process of research and development programs-Acasestudy of China’s three key national science and technology programs[J]. Science Research Management, 2014, 35(5): 118-127.

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