科研管理

科研管理 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (10): 125-133.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

日本频获诺贝尔自然科学奖的影响因素分析

赵晋平1,单谷2,刘绮霞3   

  1.  1.武汉理工大学外国语学院，湖北 武汉430070;
    2.日本科学技术振兴机构，日本 东京1028666;
    3.中南财经政法大学经济学院，湖北 武汉430073
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-07 修回日期:2020-06-18 出版日期:2020-10-20 发布日期:2020-10-19
  • 通讯作者: 刘绮霞
  • 基金资助:
    湖北省技术创新专项软科学研究项目：“湖北省对日科技创新合作机制的构建与路径研究” （2019ADC086，2020.01—2021.06）；武汉理工大学博士科研配套经费：“基于科技的视角看日本学研究”（40120424，2017.12—2020.12）。

An analysis of the contributing factors to Japan′s successes in winning Nobel Prize in natural sciences

 Zhao Jinping1, Shan Gu2, Liu Qixia3   

  1.  1. School of Foreign Language, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; 
    2. Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 1028666, Japan; 
    3. School of Economics, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, Hubei, China
  • Received:2020-05-07 Revised:2020-06-18 Online:2020-10-20 Published:2020-10-19
  • Contact: liu qixia
  • Supported by:
    The project of Soft Science of Science and Technology Department of Hubei Province:Research on the construction and path of the cooperation mechanism of science and technology innovation between Hubei Province and Japan

摘要： 在中国科技的巨大进步为世界有目共睹的同时，如何培养世界级学者成为困扰我国科学界的重要课题。世界级学者的培养和形成受诸多因素的影响，邻国日本频获诺贝尔自然科学奖的经验为我们提供了很好的借鉴。本文通过分析日本政府的科研体制机制改革的动向，并聚焦日本科学技术振兴机构的科研管理机制和所资助的战略型基础研究的案例，得出了有助于世界级学者脱颖而出的科研经费制度、伯乐型评审专家和具有鉴别人才和技术能力的专业型科研管理人员的存在、跟踪式服务等因素对于日本频获诺贝尔自然科学奖起着不可或缺作用的结论。本文提出，今后我国除了制定明确的世界级人才培养战略目标之外，需要加大设置战略型基础研究项目的力度，尝试导入伯乐型项目负责人为核心的管理制度，对基础研究项目实施弹性化、跟踪式管理，打造能挖掘高潜力人才和技术的专业化科研管理人员队伍。

 

关键词: 诺贝尔自然科学奖, 科研管理机制, 战略型基础研究, 伯乐型项目负责人, 专业型科研管理人员

Abstract:

While the rapid progress of China′s science and technology has attracted great international attention, the subject of how to train world-class scholars remains an important one that plagues China′s scientific community. The process of cultivating world-class scholars is affected by many factors, and the experiences of neighboring countries frequently receiving Nobel Prizes in natural sciences provide us with good references. 
This article analyzes trends in the Japanese government′s scientific research system and mechanism reforms, and focuses on JST′s scientific research management mechanism and the funding of strategic basic research. Factors such as the existence of professional scientific research managers with the ability to identify talent and technologies, and effective tracking services, appear to play key roles in Japan′s frequent wins of Nobel Prizes in natural sciences.
〖JP3〗For the training of world-class scholars in my country in the future, this article proposes the following policy recommendations:〖JP〗
First, implement top-level design of the scientific research system. Normalize the working mechanism of the inter-ministerial joint meeting of the National Science and Technology Program Management, gather government leaders, entrepreneurs with business achievements, and experts and scholars with academic attainments, so as to better focus on major issues, strengthen collective decision-making, and form a joint management force. Top-level design and implementation of innovation-driven development strategies play a central role. At the same time, according to the world′s scientific and technological development direction and China′s scientific research advantages, the cultivation of world-class scholars as a clear strategic goal is written into the scientific and technological plan according to the research field.
Second, increase the intensity of setting up strategic basic research projects. Under the guidance of the government, track and analyze new trends in domestic and foreign technological innovation and social development, and carry out technology forecasting and international comparison of technologies, advanced research and judgment, early deployment, and support for important scientific fields and major scientific research issues. Through the establishment of strategic basic research projects, achieve forward-looking basic research, leading to major breakthroughs and original achievements, resulting in socio-economic transformation, scientific and technological innovation, and a new generation of world-class scholars.
Third, in the implementation of strategic basic research projects, try to introduce a management system with the core of Bole project as the core. Try to establish a top-level expert database by the Ministry of Science and Technology and the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and directly appoint the project leader based on the expert′s research level, research horizon, ability to organize and develop young researchers, and peer evaluation. In addition to being responsible for the operation and management of the entire project, providing overall research ideas, formulating research plans and carrying out fund management, the project leader should also perform the function of a review expert and assemble excellent scientific research talent across departments and fields. In the process of project implementation, the project leader is given the greatest authority.
Fourth, implement flexible and follow-up management for basic research projects, and solve the difficulties and pain points in project implementation in a timely manner. For projects that have scored well in their evaluation, try to set a buffer period of 1 to 5 years after the end of the project period to continue funding and give the research results a cultivation period. At the same time, a full follow-up service model should be adopted for key projects. The scientific research fund management department sends management personnel to the project implementation unit to take practical measures to coordinate and solve problems that arise in the progress of the project and provide institutional guarantee for the key funded scientific research projects.
〖JP2〗Fifth, build a team of professional scientific research managers who can tap high-potential talent and technologies. In order to form a professional team of scientific research management personnel, hire employees with work experience, especially those with R&D experience in universities and enterprises, and at the same time increase the exchange of personnel between the fund management department and universities, enterprises, and overseas counterparts. Establish a perfect training mechanism internally.

Key words: Nobel Prize in natural sciences, scientific research management mechanism, strategic basic research, Bole-type project leader, professional scientific research manager

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