关键词: 创意产业, 空间集聚, 知识溢出, 互利共生

Abstract: The construction of creative industrial spatial agglomeration area has become one of the most important measures to realize the overall economic transformation and enhance the national cultural power. As the regional leading industry and economic pillar in the future, how to attract a large number of creative enterprises and how to improve the degree of spatial agglomeration of creative industries has become a hot issue. Therefore, exploring the formation mechanism of creative industrial spatial agglomeration from the prospective of theory can not only provide theoretical guidance for the current construction of creative industrial spatial agglomeration area in China, but also help us to understand the regular development pattern of creative industry deeply and provide useful policy enlightenment for the implementation of national creative industry development strategy.At present, studies on the influencing factors of creative industrial spatial agglomeration mainly focus on five aspects: human capital, market demand, cultural environment, related industries and policy measures. However, these existing literature studies only pay attention to the direct effect of various influencing factors, but ignore the possible intermediary variables. Based on it, this paper creatively proposes the intermediary role of knowledge spillover and mutualismthrough formula derivation. The hypotheses of this paper are put forward: H1, human capital forms knowledge spillover through mutual communication; H2, knowledge spillover plays a positive role in promoting the formation of creative industrial spatial agglomeration; H3, related industries form mutually beneficial symbiosis through mutual dependence and cooperation; H4, mutual benefit and symbiosis plays a positive role in promoting the formation of creative industrial spatial agglomeration; H5, market demand plays a positive role in promoting the formation of creative industrial spatial agglomeration; H6, cultural environment plays a positive role in promoting the formation of creative industrial spatial agglomeration; H7, policies and measures play a positive role in promoting the formation of creative industrial spatial agglomeration.Then, based on the first-hand data, this paper constructs a structural equation model to study the influencing factors and formation mechanism of creative industrial spatial agglomeration in China empirically. In order to ensure the scientific and effective empirical results, this paper use the initial questionnaire to conduct small sample tests. The small sample test was carried out in Shanghai, and 96 questionnaires were collected for professors, associate professors, lecturers and graduate students in creative industry related fields. According to their opinions on measurement indicators, 18 measurement items of explanatory variables, 8 measurement items of intermediate variables and 3 measurement items of explained variables are finally reserved. Then, this paper starts to obtain large sample questionnaire data. In order to ensure the integrity of the data, this paper has strictly screened the distribution area, distribution object and distribution method of the questionnaire. Finally, this paper gets 617 questionnaires, and 419 of which are valid. According to the results of empirical analysis, this paper draws some meaningful conclusions and policy implications.Firstly, the human capital influences the formation of creative industrial spatial agglomeration positively with the intermediary role of knowledge spillover. The results show that the creative industry belongs to the knowledge and technology intensive industry, and the developers and designers have very abundant professional knowledge. Through formal or informal communication, they generate many ideas through knowledge spillover, and save the production cost for creative enterprises. At the same time, with the creative talents familiar with the enterprise and industrial environment, the personnel management and evaluation mechanism will become transparent and fair. So, it may attract more and more creative talents from the outside world, and accelerate the further agglomeration of enterprises.Secondly, the related industries influence the formation of creative industrial spatial agglomeration actively through the mechanism of mutual benefit and symbiosis. The results show that the creative industry needs a lot of support from design to production, marketing and other aspects of related industries. The initial creative idea needs to be put forward in cooperation with the scientific and technological industry or research institutions. The change of creative ideas into creative products with economic attributes needs financial support from the financial industry. The sale of creative products needs the media of marketing enterprises promotion and market development. On the other hand, the rapid development of creative industries has also brought rich profit returns to related industries, further consolidating this mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship.Thirdly, the cultural environment has a direct positive effect on the formation of creative industrial spatial agglomeration. The results show that different regional cultural environment determines the germination of creative industries with local characteristics. With the expansion of production scale, some regions have comparative advantages in the development of creative industries. At the same time, the construction and improvement of modern cultural facilities can also create a strong regional cultural atmosphere, which is conducive to strengthening the regional attention to creative industries.Fourthly, the policy has a direct positive effect on the formation of creative industrial spatial agglomeration. The results show that Chinese creative industry is in the infancy stage, and creative enterprises will be constrained and restricted by the conditions of land rent and transportation when they choose their location. The relevant preferential policies issued by the government, such as directly giving tax, obtaining land and workshop, can help creative enterprises have the opportunity to locate in the appropriate location, and make better contributions to the regional economic development.At last but not least, the impact of market demand on the formation of creative industrial spatial agglomeration is not significant, which is inconsistent with previous studies. The possible reason is that most creative enterprises belong to small and medium-sized enterprises at present, and their financing ability is not very outstanding. They will pay attention to the cost control in the operation process of enterprises, and tend to choose the location with rich resources and relatively cheap land rent. However, the areas with large market demand are often on the center of large cities, and the rental price are very expensive.These conclusions provide some new perspectives for understanding the pattern of creative industrial spatial agglomeration, and this paper puts forward some valuable decision-making basis for the development of national creative industry and the reform of Chinese cultural system.

Key words: creative industry, spatial agglomeration, knowledge spillover, mutualism