关键词: 创新生态系统, 价值共创, 焦点企业, 演化博弈

Abstract: As one of the important measures of national “Double Creation” strategy, the construction of innovation ecosystem depends on how to realize the value creation of each participant and how to coordinate the value co-creation behavior of each participant in the process of value creation. Therefore, for the innovation ecosystem, the coordination mechanism of value creation behavior is the key to its stable operation. Based on the perspective of evolutionary game, this paper constructs an evolutionary model of value co-creation coordination mechanism of innovation ecosystem and analyses its evolutionary process. The research on the value creation of innovation ecosystem focuses on the selection of innovative ecosystem partners, the realization of strategic objectives and the relationship between partner selection and the performance of innovation ecosystem. However, in the innovation ecosystem, value co-creation is not only reflected in the satisfaction of the needs of the innovators, but also in providing benefits to all in the process of serving the innovators. In the method, Nash equilibrium analysis based on the assumption of complete rationality is commonly used. In practice, complete rationality is only an ideal hypothesis, but bounded rationality is the norm. The coordination process of the value co-creation behavior of innovation ecosystem is achieved through repeated games. It is a relatively stable cooperative and competitive relationship formed by continuous learning and adjustment from low level to high level. Therefore, using evolutionary game model to study the value co-creation behavior coordination of innovation ecosystem is closer to reality. Based on the above understanding, this paper uses evolutionary game theory to construct a two-population game model, comprehensively considers the factors such as the realization of strategic objectives, fair distribution of benefits and penalty mechanism of partners in innovation ecosystem value creation behavior, and explores the coordination process and key influencing factors of cooperative behavior among government public sectors, focus enterprises and partner enterprises in innovation ecosystem.The so-called coordinating mechanism of innovation ecosystem value co-creation behavior refers to rationally distribute the total benefits of innovation ecosystem cooperation and innovation, and to promote all participants to work together to achieve the goal of cooperation, and to coordinate and cooperate with each participants among the focus enterprises, partner enterprises, and government public sectors in the innovation ecosystem, so as to promote sequential evolution process of the innovation ecosystem from disorder to order and from low-level order to high-level order. Specific coordination mechanism of innovation ecosystem value co-creation behavior consists of two parts: The first is the coordination mechanism at the overall level, which refers to the coordination of cooperative behavior among focus enterprises, partner enterprises and government public sectors. Effective coordination at this level will help the whole innovation ecosystem to reduce innovation costs, improve innovation management and increase innovation efficiency, thereby contributing to the overall performance of the innovation ecosystem. The second is the coordination mechanism at the individual level of the participants, which refers to the coordination of the internal behavior of the participants in the focus enterprises, partner enterprises, and government public sectors. The internal behavior coordination mechanism of innovation ecosystem participants helps to rationally allocate and seamlessly link up innovative resources, realizes information exchange and knowledge sharing, and creates a public technology platform.From the perspective of the overall level of the innovation ecosystem, the influencing factors of coordination mechanism of the innovation ecosystem value co-creation can be summarized in three aspects, namely, benefits, costs, and risks. The benefits mainly include the gains from unilateral cooperation by participants, the gains from deception, the normal gains from the cooperation between partners, and the excess benefits from cooperation. Based on the influencing factors and coordination content of value creation behavior in innovation ecosystem, the basic assumptions are as follows:H1: Innovation ecosystem consists of two parts: Focus Enterprise A and Partner B (Partner Enterprises, Government and related intermediaries are unified and called Partner).H2: When the cooperative behavior of focus enterprises and partners is in a coordinated state, the value of the co-creation behavior of the whole innovation ecosystem will remain dynamic and stable. Once the two parties or one of them take deception strategies, the value of the co-creation behavior of the whole innovation ecosystem will be unstable or even disintegrate.H3: After participating in cooperation, both focus enterprises and partners adopt the strategy set, so both parties follow the bounded rationality. If one party considers changing its strategy, it will inevitably combine its relative adaptability in the strategy set and give priority to the other party's strategy.H4: In the value co-creation behavior of innovation ecosystem, the increase of overall profit, the reduction of total cost and risk are the results of coordination between focus enterprises and partners.The results show that whether the long-term evolution of value co-creation behavior of innovation ecosystem can develop in a comprehensive and coordinated direction is mainly affected by a series of factors, such as the distribution proportion of value co-creation excess income, the cost of coordination and cooperation, the choice of deception strategy income, the benefits of cooperation strategy, and the strength of rewards and penalties. Controlling the proportion of excess benefits allocation and cooperation cost allocation within a reasonable range, further reducing cooperation costs, increasing individual cooperation benefits and cooperation excess benefits, reducing the benefits of deception strategies, and strengthening punishment can promote the coordinated development of partners in value creation of innovation ecosystem.The corresponding conclusions are as follows: (1) Select innovation ecosystem partners carefully. When choosing partners, we should give full consideration to those who have the spirit of cooperation, heterogeneous innovation resources and can trust each other, so that we can achieve complementary advantages and resource sharing in the coordination mechanism of value co-creation of innovation ecosystem. (2) Focus enterprises (leading enterprises) play a key role in innovation ecosystem value creation. They should focus on fostering and supporting their coordination and service functions to partners in innovation ecosystem value creation. (3) Create an appropriate policy environment and external environment to reduce the cost of cooperation on the basis of increasing the excess benefits of cooperative members of innovation ecosystems. (4) Establish and improve the mechanism of social punishment and supervision, increase the punishment for the deception of the participants in the innovation ecosystem, and restrain and eliminate the opportunistic tendency that may arise in the participants of the innovation ecosystem.

Key words:  innovation ecosystem, value co-creation, focus enterprise, evolution game