科研管理 ›› 2019, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 74-82.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

创新柔性对制造企业智能化转型影响机制研究

孟凡生,赵刚   

  1. 哈尔滨工程大学 经济管理学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨150001
  • 收稿日期:2018-01-15 修回日期:2018-05-25 出版日期:2019-04-20 发布日期:2019-04-23
  • 通讯作者: 赵刚
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金项目:“中国新能源装备制造向智能制造发展的影响因素、情景及路线图研究”(16BJY078,2016.06-2019.06)。

A research on the influence mechanism of innovation flexibility on intelligent transformation of manufacturing enterprises#br#

Meng Fansheng, Zhao Gang   

  1. School of Economics and Management,  Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2018-01-15 Revised:2018-05-25 Online:2019-04-20 Published:2019-04-23

摘要: 智能制造是全球制造业的发展趋势,也是中国制造业转型升级的主攻方向。基于创新柔性理论,系统分析了创新柔性、技术创新和制造企业智能化转型之间的内在关系,构建了创新柔性对制造企业智能化转型的影响模型,深入研究创新柔性对制造企业智能化转型的影响机制。通过新能源装备制造企业的问卷调查数据对模型及假设进行实证分析。研究表明,创新柔性对制造企业智能化转型有显著正向影响,技术创新在创新柔性与制造企业智能化转型之间起部分中介作用,信息化水平在创新柔性与技术创新之间、技术创新与制造企业智能化转型之间均有正向调节作用,政策环境在创新柔性与制造企业智能化转型之间、技术创新与制造企业智能化转型之间均有正向调节作用。研究结果对制造企业智能化转型具有理论意义和实践启示。

关键词: 创新柔性, 技术创新, 智能化转型, 信息化水平, 政策环境

Abstract: At present, China is at the intersection of energy revolution and equipment manufacturing towards intelligent manufacturing. The energy revolution requires increasing the proportion of new energy in the energy structure to promote low-carbon energy structure. But the intelligent manufacturing transition of equipment manufacturing requires the manufacturer of equipment to adapt to the Development and Change of Environment and to improve enterprise ability and management level. New energy equipment, in front of equipment manufacturing development in China, its intelligent manufacturing level in future will directly affect the development and utilization prospects of new energy in China, and then affect the low-carbon process of China’s energy structure.The existing literature shows that the factors affecting the development of intelligent manufacturing include both external environment and internal capability. However, most of the previous research results are based on individual factors and lack of systematic and quantitative research. The mechanism of influencing factors on the development of intelligent manufacturing needs further study.This paper puts forward hypotheses of relevance among the external environment, enterprise capability, management level and intelligent manufacturing, as well as relevance between the external environment and enterprise capability. External environment has a direct positive impact on intelligent manufacturing. Enterprise capability variables which are measured by innovation, integration, interconnection and other secondary variables, has a direct positive impact on intelligent manufacturing of new energy equipment. External environment promotes intelligent manufacturing of new energy equipment through the direct positive impact on enterprise innovation capability, integration capability and interconnection capability, and then on enterprise capability. Management level and enterprise capability promote each other and have a positive impact on enterprise capability in the process of promoting the development of new energy equipment intelligent manufacturing. Management level has a direct and positive impact on enterprise capability, and then affects intelligent manufacturing.A small range of questionnaires were issued for predictive testing before the formal issuance of large sample questionnaires. The reliability and validity of variables were preliminarily tested. The subjects of the questionnaire were asked by 5 point likert scale. In the pre-test stage, questionnaires are sent out by mail and e-mail. In the empirical stage, questionnaires are sent out to leaders of new energy equipment manufacturing enterprises and scholars in the field of new energy equipment intelligent manufacturing. The validity rate of the questionnaire reached the general standard. The items in the scale of measurement cited the scale with good reliability and validity and high recognition from the relevant literature. In this paper, the cronbachs alpha coefficient method is used to test the reliability of the measurement scale. Confirmatory factor analysis is used to test the validity of the survey data, and to judge the fitness of the model.The detection result show that the internal consistency and reliability of all relevant variables such as external environment, enterprise capability, management level and intelligent manufacturing are high enough, and the structural model of variables are satisfactorily. On the basis of confirmatory factor analysis, the maximum likelihood method (ML) is used to validate the model and related hypothesis of the influencing factors of new energy equipment intelligent manufacturing. In the process of empirical research, some correlations of items in the model are added in pursuit of making the model pass the test. The empirical results based on structural equation model show that the factors affecting the development of new energy equipment intelligent manufacturing mainly include external environment, enterprise capacity and management level1. The external environment and management level indirectly drive the development of intelligent manufacturing with enterprise capability as the intermediate variable. Meanwhile, the external environment has a direct impact on the development of intelligent manufacturing. Policy orientation puts forward the overall requirements for the development of enterprise capability. The upstream and downstream industrial partnership promotes the communication between upstream and downstream enterprises in the process of intelligent manufacturing of new energy equipment, and it has a direct impact on the enterprise capability. Industry competition forces enterprises to seek comparative advantages and makes the differences comparing with other enterprises. 2. The external environment has a negative effect on the development of new energy equipment intelligent manufacturing. Unfair competition has come into being because some enterprises occupy a monopoly position by non-market-oriented means, even obtain profits by illegal infringement. Instead, some innovative enterprises are constrained by unfair industry competition which makes it difficult to get their due innovative income. The risk of intelligent development of new energy equipment and uncertain cycle factors make appearance of effect lag. Therefore, the endogenous motivation of intelligent manufacturing development of new energy equipment is suppressed. And the new energy equipment manufacturers have no time to take care of the development of intelligent manufacturing. 3. Enterprise capability can promote the development of intelligent manufacturing. New energy equipment manufacturing enterprises improve their technological innovation ability and strengthen core technology research and development, which plays an important role in promoting enterprises to take the path of innovation-driven development and to achieve intelligent manufacturing. Digital integration can be used to design, analyze and optimize every link of production process, operation steps, production units, production lines and even the whole factory. It is the only way which must be passed for new energy equipment manufacturing enterprises to realize intelligent manufacturing. New energy equipment manufacturing enterprises need to make information transfer independently in industry chain through upstream and downstream supply chain interconnection, information interconnection between supply and demand, interconnection between internal products and equipment, between people and equipment, in order to promote the transformation of enterprises from traditional manufacturing mode to intelligent manufacturing. 4. The management level promotes the development of intelligent manufacturing by improving the ability of enterprises. From the point of view of the actual operation of the enterprise, the management level which is the "soft power" of the enterprise, mainly plays a supporting and service role. But it is difficult to have a direct impact on the improvement of the enterprise capacity. The management level is largely interacted with the external environment to promote the intelligent development of new energy equipment manufacturing enterprises. Speaking specifically, information management can quickly collect information about external environment changes for decision-makers. Organizational management can change organizational structure according to upstream and downstream industrial cooperation or industry competition in pursuit of meeting the development needs of new energy equipment manufacturing enterprises. Process management can ensure that new energy equipment manufacturing enterprises keep communication smooth, which can avoid production problems caused by inappropriate coordination, in the process of cooperation with upstream and downstream enterprises.

Key words: innovation flexibility, technological innovation, intelligent transformation, information level, policy environment