科研管理

科研管理 ›› 2018, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 1-10.

• 论文 •    下一篇

中国不同类型企业技术创新效率的趋势与比较

陈元志1,陈劲2,吉超3   

  1. 1.中国浦东干部学院，上海201204； 2.清华大学，北京100084； 3.卢森堡科技研究院，卢森堡999021
  • 出版日期:2018-05-20 发布日期:2018-05-21
  • 基金资助:

    国家社科重大项目，建设世界科技创新强国的战略比较与实现路径研究，17ZDA082，（2017年11月-）；中国浦东干部学院教研咨一体化重点委托课题，习近平总书记科技创新思想，celap2016-jyz-04，（2016年10月-2018年6月）。

A comparison of the technical innovation efficiency of different types of enterprises in China

Chen Yuanzhi1, Chen Jin2, Ji Chao3   

  1. 1. China Executive Leadership Academy Pudong，Shanghai 201204, China；
    2. Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China；
    3. Luxemburg Institute of Science and Technology, Luxemburg 999021, Luxemburg
  • Online:2018-05-20 Published:2018-05-21

摘要： 本文基于我国大中型工业企业2001-2015的面板数据，对不同类型的大中型工业企业技术创新效率进行比较研究。VRS径向的DEA模型的年度分析表明，从2001年-2015年期间，中国大中型企业的综合技术效率在不断提高，不同类型企业之间的差距在不断缩小。中外合资经营企业和外资企业的综合技术效率长期处于优势地位，内资企业的综合技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率在绝大多数时间均处于追赶地位。内资企业的纯技术效率的均值在2014年超过了港澳台商投资企业和外商投资企业，呈现全面赶超的态势。全局前沿Malmquist指数的跨期研究显示，内资企业的全局前沿Malmquist指数均值远高于1，始终保持快速赶超的状态；港澳台商投资企业的全局前沿Malmquist指数均值也高于1，保持一定的增幅；外商投资企业的领导地位正在面临内资企业以及港澳台商投资企业的有力挑战。

关键词: 技术创新效率, 数据包络模型, 全局前沿Malmquist指数, 技术缺口比率

Abstract:  Based on the panel data of China’s large and medium-sized industrial enterprises from 2001 to 2015, this paper compares the technology innovation efficiencies of different types of enterprises in China. The annual analysis of VRS model shows that the comprehensive technical innovation efficiency of China’s large and medium-sized enterprises keeps increasing from 2001 to 2015, and the gap among different types of enterprises is also narrowing. The comprehensive technical innovation efficiency of Sino-foreign joint ventures and foreign-owned enterprises has maintained a leading position for a long time, and the comprehensive technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of domestic-funded enterprises has been in the pursuing position during the vast majority of this period of time. By the end of 2014, the average pure technical efficiency of domestic-funded enterprises exceeded the corresponding indicators of Hong Kong-Macao-Taiwan invested enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises, indicating the trend of catching-up and surpassing. The cross-phase research of the Metafrontier-Malmquist index shows that, the mean value of the index of domestic-funded enterprises is much higher than 1, indicating the tread of fast catching up; The mean value of the index of Hong Kong-Macao-Taiwan invested enterprises is also higher than 1, indicating the increasing tread; the leading position of foreign invested enterprises is facing the challenges from domestic-funded enterprises and Hong Kong-Macao-Taiwan invested enterprises.

Key words: technology innovation efficiency, data envelopment analysis, metafrontier-malmquist index, technology gap ratio