不确定环境下集群创新网络合作度、开放度与集群增长绩效研究

科研管理 ›› 2013, Vol. ›› Issue (2): 52-61.

不确定环境下集群创新网络合作度、开放度与集群增长绩效研究

王松^1,2, 盛亚¹

1. 浙江工商大学工商管理学院, 浙江杭州 310018;
2. 杭州电子科技大学数字媒体与设计学院, 浙江杭州 310018

收稿日期:2012-03-22 修回日期:2012-10-22 出版日期:2013-02-27 发布日期:2013-02-28
基金资助:
教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金(12YJA630131, 起止时间:2012.1-2014.12);国家自然科学基金面上项目(71272142,起止时间:2013.1-2016.12);浙江自然科学基金资助项目(Y7100740, 2010.1-2012.12)。

Cluster innovation network cooperation degree, network openness,and cluster incremental performance with the environmental uncertainty

Wang Song^1,2, Sheng Ya¹

1. School of Business Administration, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
2. School of Digital Media and Design, Hangzhou University of Electronics, Hangzhou 310018, China

Received:2012-03-22 Revised:2012-10-22 Online:2013-02-27 Published:2013-02-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在动态和开放式创新环境下,集群创新网络日益受到外部因素影响,研究视角需从网络内部转向外部,将网络内外部影响因素放到一个框架当中进行研究。文章将网络内部因素归纳为网络合作度以及外部因素归纳为网络开放度,引入环境不确定性变量对集群进行分类,采用回归分析等方法,研究不同类型集群,其网络合作度、开放度各自与集群增长绩效的关系,合作度与开放度的关系,以及这些关系是如何受到环境不确定性制约的。研究发现技术环境不确定性越高,网络开放度对集群绩效的影响越显著;市场竞争环境不确定性越高,网络合作度对集群绩效的影响越重要;市场与技术环境都稳定时,网络合作度对集群绩效影响较为显著;网络合作度与开放度相关性不显著。研究认为根据各种环境不确定性对网络合作度与开放度变量进行动态组织是保持集群增长的重要途径,并对网络动态组织提出建议。

关键词: 产业集群, 创新网络合作度, 创新网络开放度, 增长绩效

Abstract: Under the circumstance of open innovation and dynamic innovation, the cluster innovation network is constantly influenced by external factors. It means that it is able to understand the network by exploring those factors not only inside the network, but also outside the network. Those internal factors is generalized as network cooperation degree and external factors is generalized as network openness, furthermore the relative effects of network operation and openness on the cluster performance are moderated by the environment uncertainty. Firstly, three regional clusters are explored respectively and the relative relationships between network cooperation degree, openness, and the cluster performance, the relationship between network cooperation degree and openness, and the effects of environment uncertainty on these relationships are presented. It is found the positive effect of network openness on the cluster performance tends to increase as the technology environmental uncertainty increases, while the positive effect of network cooperation degree on the cluster performance tends to increase as the market competition environmental uncertainty increases. While both market and technology environment keep relatively stable, the network cooperation degree makes a significant effect on the cluster performance. The correlation between network cooperation degree and network openness is insignificant. By comparing the three clusters, it suggests the role of network cooperation degree and network openness must be considered differently according to the environmental uncertainty. Finally, the management and policy implications of the research are analyzed.

Key words: industry cluster, innovation network cooperation degree, innovation network openness, increasing performance

中图分类号:

F273.1

王松, 盛亚. 不确定环境下集群创新网络合作度、开放度与集群增长绩效研究[J]. 科研管理, 2013, (2): 52-61.

Wang Song, Sheng Ya. Cluster innovation network cooperation degree, network openness,and cluster incremental performance with the environmental uncertainty[J]. Science Research Management, 2013, (2): 52-61.

参考文献

[1] Porter M., Competitive Advantage of Nations [M]. New York: The Free Press, 1998.
[2] Schmitz Hand Nadvi K., Clustering and Industrialization: Introduction [J]. World Development, 1999,27(5).,pp1503-1514.
[3] Bell, S.J, Tracey, P., Heide, J.B., the Organization of Regional Clusters [J]. Academy of Management Review, 2009, 34 (4). pp623-642.
[4] Markusen, A., Sticky Places in Slippery Space: a Typology of Industrial Districts [J]. Economic Geography, 1996, 72, pp293-313.
[5] McFadyen, A.M., Cennalla, A.A., Social Capital and Knowledge Creation: Diminishing Returns of the Number and Strength of Exchange Relationships [J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2004, 47, pp735-746.
[6] Rowley, T., Behrens, D., Krackhardt, D., Redundant Governance Structures: an Analysis of Structural and Relational Embeddedness in the Steel and Semiconductor Industries [J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2000, 21.,pp369-386.
[7] Freeman C., Networks of Innovations: A Synthesis of Research Issues [J]. Research Policy, 1990, 20(5), pp499-514.
[8] 张伟峰,万威武. 企业创新网络的构建动因与模式研究[J]. 研究与发展管理, 2004(3),23-29.
[9] Hakansson H., Industrial Technological Development: A Network Approach [M]. London Press. 1987
[10] 张存刚,李明,陆德梅. 社会网络分析-一种重要的社会学研究方法[J]. 甘肃社会科学,2004(2), 109-111.
[11] 邬爱其.集群企业网络化成长机制: 理论分析与浙江经验[M].中国社会科学出版社,2007.
[12] 陈学光. 网络能力、创新网络及创新绩效关系研究一以浙江高新技术企业为例 [D]. 杭州:浙江大学, 2007: 68-71.
[13] Kotable M, Martin X, Domoto H., Gaining from Vertical Partnerships: Knowledge Transfer, Relationship Duration, and Supplier Performance Improvement in the U.S.and Japanese Automotive Industries [J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2003, 4 (5), pp21-31.
[14] 姚伟. 关系网络、制度结构与经济绩效 [D]. 北京:中国人民大学, 2006.
[15] Laursen K, Salter A., Open for Innovation: The Role of Openness in Explaining Innovative Performance among UK Manufacturing Firm [J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2006, 27(2), pp131-150.
[16] Padmore T, Gibson H., Modelling System of Innovation. Part II, A Framework for Industrial Cluster Analysis in Regions [J]. Research Policy, 1998, 26(4), pp625一641.
[17] Kohli AK, Jaworski BJ., Market Orientation: the Construct, Research Propositions, and Managerial Implications [J]. Journal of Marketing, 1990, 54(3), pp1-18.
[18] Dosi G, Nelson R, Winter S., the Nature and Dynamics of Organizational Capabilities [M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2000.
[19] Lang J, Lockhart D., Increased Environmental Uncertainty and Changes in Board Linkage Patterns[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1990,33(4), pp106 -128.
[20] Eisingerich A, Bell S, Tracey P., How can Clusters Sustain Performance? The Role of Network Strength, Network Openness, and Environmental Uncertainty [J]. Research Policy, 2010, 39(4), pp239-253.